Transcript Cell Cycle

What is the cell cycle?
Growth
And
Division
What is Mitosis?
Nuclear Division
What is Chromatin?
(Thin Chromatin)
Stretched out, unwound DNA
Looks like spaghetti
Not visible under microscope
What is a Chromosome?
Coiled up (condensed) version of
chromatin; easier for moving DNA
(Looks like a slinky)
How many pairs of
chromosomes do
normal human cells
have?
What is the Centromere?
Holds Sister Chromatids
together
Where spindle fibers grab
chromosome
(Think: Centro = center
mere = middle)
What is the Sister Chromatid?
Two identical
strands of a
chromosome
What are the Centrioles?
Organelle that is
present only in
ANIMAL CELLS and
creates the spindle
fibers
“Centrioles go to
the poles”
Name the
phases of the
Cell Cycle…
G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase
M Phase
What happens in the G1 Phase?
Growth Phase
When cell gets
bigger and makes
lots of proteins
1st part of
Interphase
What happens in the S Phase?
“Synthesis” Phase
Makes a copy of the
DNA
Single strand →Double
strand
2nd part of Interphase
What happens in the G2 Phase?
“Growth 2” Phase
Cell is getting ready to divide
Getting organelles and
proteins
(Like going to grocery store
to get the food to prepare
dinner)
3rd part of Interphase
What happens in the M Phase?
“Cell Division”
Mitosis
and Cytokinesis
What is the“Cell Growth and Protein
Synthesis” stage that is the
longest phase of the Cell Cycle?
(NOT part of Mitosis)
Includes: G1, S, G2
Interphase
When does the
chromatin begin
to condense?
(phase)
Late Interphase
When is the
chromatin
visible under the
microscope?
(phase)
Prophase
Name the
phases of
Mitosis (Nuclear division)
“The Professional Met Ana on the Telophone.”
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
PMAT
Name each phase of Mitosis
(not in correct order)
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
Prophase
What happens in Prophase?
“Prepare”
Longest phase of Mitosis!!!
•Chromosomes coil up to make
easy to move
•Nuclear envelope (membrane)
dissolves
•Centrioles make spindle fibers
Spindle fibers (muscles of
chromosome) form to help move
What happens in Metaphase?
“Middle”
Chromosomes are lined up in the
middle of the cell
Spindle fibers are attached and
centrioles go to the poles
What happens in Anaphase?
“Apart”
Chromosomes get pulled apart by
spindle fibers
What happens in Telophase?
“The End” or “Tidy Up”
Uncoiling of chromosomes
Nuclear envelope reforms
Spindle fibers go “bye-bye”
What is Cell Cytoplasm & Membrane Division called?
This is the next stage after mitosis.
Actual cell division into two cells dividing into two daughter cells
Cytokenesis
Hint: cytoplasm
gets Kut
Cytokenesis in Animal Cells
What structure appears?
Creates a CLEAVAGE
FURROW
(Think: Animals have
fur)
Cytokenesis in Plant Cells
What structure appears?
Creates a CELL PLATE
(Think: Hard cell wall is
like a hard plate)
What are the two new identical cells made
in cell division called?
Daughter Cells
Name the two stages of
cell division.
MITOSIS
&
CYTOKINESIS
What is it called when a mass of
cells are growing out of
control?
TUMOR
Why do normal cells stop
growing when they touch other
cells or reach the sides of a
petri dish?
Contact with other cells or
the sides of the dish signal to
the cell to stop growing.
This happens when you cut
your finger. The cells grow
rapidly to fill in the cut.
When the cells touch, they
go back to normal cell cycle.
What signals a cell to
start the cell cycle?
What are internal
regulators and
external regulators?
Internal regulators are proteins that
respond to events inside the cell .
External regulators are proteins that
respond to events outside the cell.
What is it called when cells have
lost their ability to control their
growth?
Differentiation
Cells that
have not
differentiated
yet.
When a cell becomes larger, which
increases faster:
Volume or Surface Area?
The bigger the cell gets
the less efficient the cell
is at doing its job
(function) in the body.
diploid
haploid