Transcript Battle of Stalingrad

BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
By: Sonia Doobay & Linda Stacho
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
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Took place from July
17, 1942 to February
2, 1943 during the
Second World War
Stalingrad was known
as Tsaritsyn until 1925
and since 1961 has
been known as
Volgograd (named after
the Volgo River)
HILTER’S PLAN
Called
Operation
Blue
 Intended to
do 2 things:
1. Seize
Stalingrad
2. Seize the
Caucasus
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IMPORTANCE OF STALINGRAD
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Stalingrad was important
because it was a major
industrial city and the
Caucasus region is filled
with oil and this would
provide a lot of oil for the
German Navy. If Hitler
could overtake Caucasus,
he would cut off fuel to
Stalin’s war machine.
THE 2 ROUTES
WHY THE CITY OF STALINGRAD?
Major industrial city
 A constant flow of raw materials going up and
down the Volga River
 Volga River- vital transport route between the
Caspian Sea and Northern Russian
 Many believed it was Hitler’s ego that made
him take Stalingrad because of his nemesis
Joseph Stalin
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STALINGRAD BEFORE THE WAR
(Main Square in Stalingrad)
Stalingrad housing
Main Square in Stalingrad
JOSEPH STALIN
•Leader of the Soviet Union from the mid
1920’s-1953
•Responsible for the industrialization of the
Soviet Union
•He instituted several multi-year plans- greatly
increasing the industrial capacity of the
country
•Later immersing himself in political culture
•When the Nazi’s invaded in WWII he helped
to rally the Soviet people to deat the Nazi’s
Joseph
Stalin
&
Georgi
Dimitrov
FLAWS IN HITLER’S PLAN
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The Germans
lines would be
tremendously thin
because it had 2
objectives
Von Mainstein,
involved in the
Crimean
campaign urged
that Operation
Blue focus on one
goal
HITLER’S PERSEVERANCE
Hitler insisted the
attack be made, and
sent the 6th Army to
Stalingrad and the 4th
Panzer army toward
Caucasus
 6th Army under
Friedrich Paulus
 4th Panzer Army under
Ewald von Kleist
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Paulus
Kleist
GEORGY ZHUKOV – KEY FIGURE
December 1, 1896 to
June 18 1974
 Commander-in-Chief of
the Soviet Union Army
 Created Operation
Uranus which was used
to defeat the Germans
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PAULUS – KEY FIGURE
September 23, 1890 to February 1,
1957
 He was a major German commander, who
commanded the 6th Army assault on Stalingrad
during Operation Blue
 Paulus surrendered to Soviet force on January 31,
1943 after clear word from Hitler that he was to
fight until the last bullet
 Hilter expected Paulus to commit suicide for his
decision, because there was no record of a
German field marshal ever being captured alive
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STRENGTH OF BOTH ARMIES
German Army
Russian Army
Led by Paulus
Led by Zhukov
1,011,500 men
1,000,500 men
10, 290 artillery guns
13,541 artillery guns
675 tanks
894 tanks
1,216 planes
1,115 planes
6TH ARMY
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By summer they had reached
the suburbs of Stalingrad
and the west bank of the
Volga River
German troops were taken
back from the Soviet’s
defence of the city and hit
the streets in fierce fighting
Fighting hand-to-hand
combat
Never succeeded because
areas captured by Germans
were re-taken by Russians at
night
4TH PANZER ARMY
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Sustained massive loss
OPERATION URANUS
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Operation Uranus was created by
Georgy Zhukov. The first phase of
the counter-offensive
Russians used some of the Germans
tactics from the past and learnt from
their mistakes.
The main purpose of this operation
was to attack the Germans from the
North & East. They would then meet
up at the West and trap the
Germans.
OPERATION SATURN
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Second phase of counteroffensive
December 1942 until February
1943
The first stage was to cut off
the Germany’s Army Group A.
Germany ended up having no
choice but to retreat because
the Soviet lines were very tough
and the winter conditions made
it tough
90,000-prisoners, 5000returned to Germany
GERMANS WERE TRAPPED
The Soviets trapped the Germans in the city of
Stalingrad by circling them around
 Unable to break out, Germans had to face the
Russian winter. Not prepared, the temperatures
dropped to well below zero and food,
ammunition and heat were short in supply
 Hitler promoted Paulus to field marshal
encouraging him to stick it out
 Luftwaffe sent supplies by air
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SURRENDER
Paulus surrendered the army in the southern
sector on January 31, 1943
 280,000 men under Paulus’ command, half
were already dead or dying
 35,000 had been evacuated
 Remaining 91,000 hauled off to Soviet POW
camps
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NATIONAL MOURNING DAY
In Hitler’s fury he ordered National Mourning
Day not for the men lost at the battle but for
the shame von Paulus brought on the navy.
 Paulus was also stripped of his rank
 Hitler commented “The God of War has gone
over to the other side.”
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GERMAN LOSS
Complete army was lost
 91,000 Germans were taken prisoner
 Massive loss of manpower and equipment
 Axis forces (comprised of German, Italian,
Romanian and Hungaria troops) suffered
800,00 casualties
 Soviets lost more than one million
 6,000 survived to return to Germany
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SOVIET VICTORY
The Soviets were so happy that
their plans had had been
executed successfully!
 This showed that Germany is not
invincible.
 The Soviet defenders of
Stalingrad, the city was awarded
the title Hero City in 1945
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WORKS CITED
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