Transcript Power Point Chapter 11

Chapter 11
A Time of Conflict
Georgia Performance Standards
SS5H6 The student will explain the reasons for America’s involvement
in World War II.
a. Describe Germany’s aggression in Europe and Japan’s aggression in Asia.
b. Describe major events in the war in both Europe and the Pacific; include Pearl
Harbor, Iwo Jima, D-Day, VE and VJ Days, and the Holocaust.
c. Discuss President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
d. Identify Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill, Hirohito, Truman, Mussolini, and Hitler.
e. Describe the effects of rationing and the changing role of women and AfricanAmericans; include “Rosie the Riveter” and the Tuskegee Airmen.
f. Explain the U.S. role in the formation of the United Nations.
SS5H7 The student will discuss the origins and consequences of the
Cold War.
a. Explain the origin and meaning of the term “Iron Curtain.”
b. Explain how the United States sought to stop the spread of communism through the
Berlin airlift, the Korean War, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
c. Identify Joseph McCarthy and Nikita Khrushchev.
Lesson 1 World War II
Vocabulary Words:
fascism
racism
dictator
Start of the War
The Great Depression left ruined economies all over the world, so strong leaders
stepped in to take control. A dictator is a ruler who has control of a county and its
people.
Dictators in Germany, Italy, and Japan believed in fascism, where the government
controls the lives of the citizens, and formed an alliance called the Axis Powers.
The Axis also believed in racism, or the belief that one group of people is better
than others. Germany, Italy, and Japan began invading other countries. Germany’s
dictator was Adolf Hitler, and he led a political party called the National Socialists
or Nazis. The Nazis began invading other European countries so Great Britain and
France formed an alliance called the Allies to try and stop the Axis Powers. The
Allies made an agreement with Hitler that allowed him to keep the land he had
invaded as long as he promised not to invade any more. Hitler broke his promise
and invaded Poland in 1939. The Allies then declared war on Germany. Italy and
Japan then declared war on the Allies. The Allies had a hard time stopping the
German army and by the end of 1941, most of Europe was under Nazi control.
Axis aggression in Europe
Axis aggression in the Pacific
Lesson 1 World War II continued…
America Enters the War
Americans wanted to stay out of WWII and believed in
isolationism. They remembered how awful World War
I had been and they wanted to avoid fighting.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to help the
British, so he send equipment and supplies. The
president also worried about Japan’s invasion of China
and their plans to invade other Asian countries. The
Japanese emperor, Hirohito, and the Japanese Prime
Minister, Hideki Tojo knew that the United States had
the only Navy strong enough to stop them, so the
Japanese leaders planned a surprise attack to destroy
the U.S. Navy. That surprise attack was carried out on
December 7, 1941 when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor,
a U.S. Navy base in Hawaii. Americans were stunned
by the attack and the people of the United States
agreed that there was no choice but to join the
fighting of World War II. Franklin Roosevelt told
Congress that the day of the attack was “a date which
will live in infamy.”
Lesson 2 The Home Front
Vocabulary Words:
mobilize
newsreel
internment camp
Building an Army
The United States wasn’t ready to join WWII. First,
they had to mobilize, or get ready to fight. Many
Americans joined the military or were drafted. New
soldiers needed supplies like uniforms, guns,
airplanes, and tanks. The U.S. government hired
businesses like Ford Motor Company to make
airplanes instead of cars. Scientists created new
technologies and improved helicopters and
airplanes. Factories needed workers to create
those military supplies so they hired women and
African Americans. The nickname “Rosie the
Riveter” was given to many women who worked in
factories doing jobs that only men had held before.
Lesson 2 The Home Front continued…
At Home in Wartime
Americans worked together to make sure soldiers
had supplies. Even children collected metal and old
tires which factories used to make military products.
Many items were rationed, or limited, during WWII.
People could only buy small amounts of meat, sugar,
and gasoline. Since food was limited, many families
grew victory gardens. Americans watched newsreels
in movie theaters to keep up to date on world news.
WWII affected America’s culture. Many books,
movies, plays, and songs were written about the
war.
Japanese Americans faced prejudice in America
during WWII. Franklin Roosevelt signed an order
that forced over 100,000 Japanese Americans into
internment camps, a place where prisoners were
held during wartime. Prisoners lost their jobs and
homes, yet many Japanese American citizens still
fought for America during WWII.
Lesson 3 Winning the War
Vocabulary Words:
aircraft carrier
atomic bomb
concentration camp
Battles in North Africa and Europe
It took awhile for the Allies to strike back at the Axis
Powers. In late 1942, the Allies began to move
against the Axis in many different places. In North
Africa, Allies fought German and Italian forces and
the Axis troops surrendered in May 1943. The Allies
then moved the fighting to Italy. The Tuskegee
Airmen, a group of African American pilots, flew
many bombing missions over Italy. By early 1944,
Germany was having trouble. On June 6, 1944, Allied
soldiers invaded Normandy, France which became
known as D-Day. This allowed the Allies to move into
Germany. Soviet soldiers were advancing on
Germany at the same time and on May 8, 1945
Germany surrendered to the Allies which became
known as VE-Day or Victory in Europe Day.
Lesson 3 Winning the War continued…
Fighting in the Pacific
Just because fighting had ended in Europe did not mean that WWII was
over. The Allies were also fighting Japan. The United States used
aircraft carriers, large ships that carry airplanes, to fight in the Pacific
Ocean. America won the Battle of Midway and gained power in the
Pacific. To defeat Japan, the Allies used a plan called island hopping
where they would take over islands that weren’t guarded by Japanese
soldiers. The Allies needed a secret code to communicate which islands
they would be taking over. Navajo code talkers used the Native
American Navajo language to send important messages to each other so
Japan could not understand what the Allies plans were. At the battle of
Leyte Gulf, so many Japanese ships were destroyed, that Japan did not
have the ability to fight any more major naval battles. American
President, Harry Truman, didn’t want to risk invading Japan and losing
more lives so he chose a different way to end the war. A new weapon
had been created in secret in America during the war. An atomic bomb
is so powerful it can destroy an entire city. On August 6, 1945, the first
atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. Three days
later, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.
Thousands of Japanese people were killed. On August 14, 1945, the
Japanese emperor, Hirohito, surrendered. This day became known as
Victory in Japan Day or V-J Day.
Lesson 3 Winning the War continued…
A Changed World
People were happy that the war was
over, but now everyone faced the
destruction that the fighting had
caused. Many cities lay in ruins.
One of the worst horrors on the war
was discovered after Allied soldiers
invaded Europe. The Nazis had
killed millions of people in
concentration camps, where large
numbers of people were held
prisoner and forced to work. Hitler
had blamed Jewish people for
Germany’s problems. About 12
million people, 6 million of them
Jewish, were killed or died in
concentration camps. This became
known as the Holocaust.
Lesson 4 The Cold War
Vocabulary Words:
capitalism
market economy
communism
Roots of the Cold War
The Soviet Union and the United States had worked together to win
WWII. By 1947, they were fighting each other in a war of words and
ideas called the Cold War. The people in the United States live with an
economy called capitalism where people and businesses control the
production of goods and services. This type of economy is also called a
market economy where individuals make economic decisions. The
Soviet Union lived under communism where the government controlled
production and owned the resources. This type of economy is also
called a command economy because the government makes the
economic decisions and can command what will be produced. The
Soviet Union began setting up communist governments in eastern
Europe with the help of their dictator, Joseph Stalin. With the help of
the United States, western Europe remained democratic. Winston
Churchill, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, described this division as
an “iron curtain” that symbolized how communism was different from
non communist countries. President Harry Truman helped set up NATO
(the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to help non communist
countries stay that way.
Lesson 4 The Cold War continued…
Conflicts in Europe Grow
The city of Berlin was at the center of
the Cold War. In June 1948, the Soviet
Union tried to take control of the city
and force the Allies to leave by forming
a blockade that stopped railroads and
roads into West Berlin. Leaders from
the United States and Britain didn’t
leave. Allies flew food and supplies into
Berlin every day so they could survive.
This became known as the Berlin Airlift.
Many people from East Berlin escaped
into the west for freedom and better
lives. Communist leaders began
building the Berlin Wall in 1961 to keep
people from escaping. The wall divided
the communist part of Berlin from the
rest of the city.
Lesson 5 Communism Spreads
Vocabulary Words:
arms race
nuclear war
anti-communism
Communism Around the World
The spread of communism around the world scared the United States. Two
of the biggest countries in the world, the Soviet Union and China had
communist governments and the United States was worried that they
wanted to make other countries communist.
The Soviet Union had built its own atomic bomb in 1949 and that made
leaders in the United States worry that the Soviet Union’s military might be
stronger than theirs. This began a back and forth contest to try and build
the most powerful military with the latest weapons that was called the
arms race. People worried that the arms race would lead to nuclear war
that could destroy life on earth. Many people in America built bomb
shelters and stored food just in case. Children in schools also practiced
drills in case of nuclear war.
All of this fear led to a movement to stop communism. One senator in
particular, Joseph McCarthy, was extremely anti-communist. He said that
there were communists working in the United States and they were spying
for the Soviet Union. Because of anti-communism, many innocent people
lost their jobs when anyone accused them of being communist.
Lesson 5 Communism Spreads continued…
Cold War Conflicts
The United States and the Allies created a plan after WWII for a
new international organization to keep peace world-wide. This
organization was called the United Nations (UN). More than 50
nations joined the UN. The Korean War was one of the fist
challenges the UN faced when communist North Korea invaded
South Korea. The UN troops pushed the North Koreans back, but
communist China sent soldiers to help North Korea. The war
dragged on and in 1953, both sides agreed to stop fighting. North
and South Korea are still divided.
Closer to the United States, Cuba had become a communist
country in 1959. The Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev helped the
Cuban dictator, Fidel Castro set up a communist government. That
made many Americans very nervous. Then in October, 1962 the
United States found out that the Soviet Union was secretly putting
powerful missiles in Cuba. Those missiles were too close to the
United States and were big enough to carry a nuclear bomb. The
United States president, John F. Kennedy, ordered U.S. ships to
form a blockade around Cuba to stop Soviet ships from getting to
Cuba. For days, it seemed that nuclear war could break out at any
moment. Finally, the Soviets agreed to take their missiles out of
Cuba and in return President Kennedy agreed not to attack Cuba.
This conflict, known as the Cuban Missile Crisis scared the world
and leaders on both sides agreed to start working together to
avoid nuclear war.
Resources
•Houghton Mifflin Social Studies Textbook Chapter11
•http://intoworldwar2.weebly.com/women.html
•http://worldwariivideos.wordpress.com/category/on-the-home-front/page/4/
•https://www.pearlharboroahu.com/attack.htm