Transcript Recent Stuff: 1914

Recent Stuff: 1914-Present
Song: I Want it That Way- Backstreet Boys
World War 1 Era
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Alliances were kept to keep a balance of power
Triple Alliance
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Created by Otto
von Bismarck
Germany, AustriaHungary, and Italy
Triple Entente
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France, Britain,
and Russia
World War 1 Era
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Outbreak of war was
extremely possible, everyone
was preparing
Schlieffen Plan:
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Called for attack on France through Belgium
At left
Ruled Austria-Hungary
Assassinated by Garilo Princip
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
World War 1 Era
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Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary
Alliances entered the war
United States
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Neutral (isolationism/focus on internal affairs)
German sub sank British passenger line (The Lusitania)
Zimmerman Telegram
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Germany urging Mexico to take up arms
Intercepted by the U.S.
Entered on side of the Allies
World War 1 Era
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Central Powers:
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Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Allies:
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Britain
France
Russia
Italy
United States
World War 1 Era
Millions of soldiers and civilians died
 Women worked in factories
 Treaty of Versailles:
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Ended WW1
 Germany had to pay reparations, release
territory, and downsize its military
 Divided Austria-Hungary
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World War 1 Era
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Fourteen Points:
Woodrow Wilson
 Wanted peace and balance of power
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League of Nations
Wanted to preserve peace
 Not many nations joined, thought it was dumb
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World War 1 Era
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Russian Revolution:
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Poverty in Russia
Czar Nicholas abdicated throne
Alexander Kerensky
established a provisional
government
Soviets
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local councils
Bolsheviks
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Socialist party
Vladimir Lenin ruled party
(at right)
World War 1 Era
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Russian Revolution ct’d:
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April Theses
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Bolsheviks took over government
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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Lenin
Demanded peace
Armistice with Germany
Russia dropped out of WW1
Red Army
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Commanded by Leon Trotsky
Military force
World War 1 Era
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Turks:
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Mustafa Kemal
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Aka Ataturk
Led military campaigns against Greeks
Overthrew Ottoman sultan
1st president of modern Turkey
World War 2 Era
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Soviet Union:
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New Economic Policy
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Helped agriculture
Lenin died-Joseph Stalin took over
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Stopped NEP
Instituted 5-yr plans (collectivization)
Totalitarian and Communist
USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Industrialized
Great Purges
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Enemies of Lenin were killed
World War 2 Era
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The Great Depression:
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WW1 = expensive
(warfare and rebuilding)
Americans lent Europe $$$
(France and Germany)
Loans couldn’t be repaid
October 29, 1929:
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STOCK MARKET CRASH
Hurt governments
Franklin Roosevelt
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Became president of U.S.
World War 2 Era
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Italy:
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Benito Mussolini founded Fascism
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Black shirts
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National Fascist Party
Fought communist and socialist organizations
Mussolini seized government
World War 2 Era
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German emperor abdicated
Weimar Republic
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Democratic republic
Reichstag
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Elected body
National Socialist Party
(Nazis) rose to power
Adolf Hitler headed Nazis
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Established the 3rd Reich
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Fascist government under Hitler
World War 2 Era
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Francisco Franco
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Took over Spain
Supported by Italy and Germany
Hitler:
 took back Rhineland
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rebuilt German military
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Violated Treaty of Versailles, no one cared
Annexed Austria
Munich Conference of 1939
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Area taken away after WW1
Gave Sudetenland to Germany if Hitler promised to stop expanding
Appeasement policy
Nazi-Soviet Pact
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Germany would not invade Soviet Union if they turned their backs to
Germany’s military
World War 2 Era
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Japan
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Thriving economy
Invaded Manchuria, renamed it Manchukuo
Anti-Comintern Pact
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Alliance with Germany,
against Russian
Communism
Rape of Nanjing
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Pillaging in China
World War 2 Era
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Blitzkrieg
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Winston Churchill
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Air bombing campaign used by Germany against Britain
British won
Tripartite Pact
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Prime Minister of Britain
Battle of Britain
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Lightening war; used by Germany
Used to take France
Rome, Berlin, and Germany
Pearl Harbor
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December 7,1941
Japan bombed Hawaii
World War 2 Era
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Manhattan Project
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D-day
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English, American, and Canadian forces landed on Normandy beaches
Liberated France
President Truman
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Development of Atomic Bomb
Ordered dropping of Atomic Bomb
Believed it would end the war sooner, with less
casualties than a prolonged war
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 Sites in Japan where Atomic Bomb was dropped
World War 2 Era
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Holocaust
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Japan became a democracy
Marshall Plan
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“The Final Solution”
6 million Jews killed
U.S. offered $$$ to European countries
Women gained more rights
Formed the U.N.
Communism and the Cold War
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Soviet Union vs.. United States
Yalta and Potsdam conferences:
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Europe would be divided into spheres of influence occupied by the
Allies
Germany was divided between the U.S., France, Britain, and the
Soviet Union
West Germany:
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U.S., France, and Britain
Soviets cut off access from West Germany to Berlin with the
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Airlift
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Sent food and fuel to those in Berlin from West Germany
Communism and the Cold War
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Soviet Bloc
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Western Bloc
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Stated the U.S. would help countries threatened by Communists
(containment policy)
NATO
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Western Europe
Truman Doctrine
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Soviet Satellites
Western Military alliance
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Warsaw Pact
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Alliance of Soviet Bloc
Communism and the Cold War
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Iron Curtain
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Impenetrable line between Soviet and Western Blocs
Communism and the Cold War
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Sun Yat-sen
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At right
Led Chinese Revolution of 1911
Kuomintang
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Three Principles of the People
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Political party
Nationalism
Socialism
democracy
Chiang Kai-Shek
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Successor to Yat-sen
Communism and the Cold War
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Mao Zedong
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Rallied peasants to gain power
Established the Republic of
China (became the People’s
Republic of China)
Great Leap Forward
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Communes were created
to strengthen agriculture
Communism and the Cold War
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Mao Zedong ct’d:
Cultural Revolution
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De-Westernized China
Discouraged ruling class
Schools were shut down,
many people were killed
Red Guards
Little Red Book
Deng Xiaoping:
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replaced Zedong
Tiananmen Square Massacre
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Government open fired
on protesters
Communism and the Cold War
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Korea:
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Korea is part of Japan before WW2
Korea became occupied by the U.S. and USSR
Two separate governments established
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North Korea = communist
South Korea = democracy
North Korea attacked South Korea
General MacArthur led U.N. forces, helping South
Korea, but eventually China came in on the side of the
North until an armistice could be reached
Communism and the Cold War
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Vietnam:
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Vietminh fought against French control of Vietnam
Vietnam became divided
Ho Chi Minh
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Ngo Dihn Diem
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At right
Communist
Led the North
President of the democratic south
France and United States fought for the South, led to
reunification of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh
Communism and the Cold War
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Cuba:
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Platt Amendment
 U.S. could remain involved in Cuban affairs
Batista dictatorship
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Fidel Castro
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At right
Overthrew Batista
Communist
Cuban Revolution
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Supported by U.S.
Overthrow of Batista
President Kennedy
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Authorized Bay of Pigs Invasion
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Cuban Exiles sought to overthrow Castro, didn’t work
Communism and the Cold War
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Cuba:
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Cuban Revolution
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Overthrow of Batista
President Kennedy
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Authorized Bay of Pigs Invasion
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Cuban Exiles sought to overthrow Castro, didn’t work
Cuban Missile Crisis
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Soviet Union installed missiles in Cuba
Kennedy applied a naval blockade around Cuba
Soviets removed missiles for the promise that the U.S.
wouldn’t invade Cuba
Communism and the Cold War
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Poland
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Solidarity movement
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Strike for economic reform
Led by Lech Walesa
Tadeusz Mazowiecki became a prime minister who
was for the movement
Communism fell apart
Communism and the Cold War
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German Reunification
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East Germany cut ties with the USSR and united with West
Germany
Berlin Wall fell in 1989
Now a modern democratic society
Communism and the Cold War
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Collapse of Soviet Union
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Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985
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Ethnic cleansing
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Glasnost (openness)
Perestroika (restructuring)
Many reforms
many countries fell from the soviets power, but some
did not
Yugoslavia: Muslims were slaughtered by Serbians
Soviet bloc disbanded, ending with the start of
Russia
Independence Movements
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India
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Indian National Congress and Muslim league were
formed to resist colonization
Amritsar massacre
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Many Indians were slaughtered with provoking the British
during a peaceful protest
Mohandas Gandhi became the movements voice
Britain granted independence to Britain after WW2
Independence Movements
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Africa
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Northern African gained independence first
Gamal Nassar helped to gain Egypt’s independence
Southern Africa had little resources to help gain
independence
Rwanda
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Tutsi governed the larger Hutu population
Hutu’s revolted after Rwanda gained independence
Hutu’s ruled, but then civil war and genocide broke out
Independence Movements
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South Africa
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Union of South Africa
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Combination of British and Dutch ruled colonies, whites had
the power
Apartheid system
Divided whites and blacks
Nelson Mandela led the African National
Congress against apartheid
Apartheid abolished in 1994
Independence Movements
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Israel
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Zionists
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Arthur Balfour
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1st prime minister
Arabs uneasy of Jewish
neighbors, wanted their land
back
Six Day War
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Balfour Declaration
Stated right for a Jewish
homeland in Palestine
David Ben-Gurion
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Jewish nationalists
Jews won territory from
Arabs
Camp David Accords
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Israel pulled out of some
Other Important Stuff
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OPEC-Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
Taliban
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Al Queda
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Violent Islamic fundamentalist regime
International terrorist network
Led by Osama Bin Ladin
Trading blocks
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North American Free Trade Agreement
European Union
THE END
I chose I Want it That Way as my
song, because of all the conflicts
going on in this time period, and how
many different people and countries
wanted things to be their way, and no
one else's.