Transcript Part-2-UNIT-7-VOCAB-REVIEW-PPTx

26. Zoot-Suit Riots of
1943
{
1)
2)
Fights between sailors and Mexican
Americans in LA. Sailors said the Mexicans
were not dressed “American”
Police sided with the sailors, though they
started the fights/riots Shows the racial
prejudice that existed against Mexican
Americans
27. Japanese
internment camps
{
1)
2)
Forced relocation under Executive
order 9066 of all Japanese Americans
living on the West Coast
Confined in remote areas far from the coast,
in wooden shacks surrounded by barbed
wire. Cramped living conditions that
resembled concentration camps in Europe
28. Korematsu vs.
the United States
{
1)
2)
Fred Korematsu refused to relocate and was
arrested. Korematsu appealed, saying his
civil rights were violated
Supreme Court ruled that the relocation policy was
not based on race and therefore justified. Years later
in 1988, Congress passed a law rewarding any
surviving member of the internment camps with a
tax-free payment of $20,000. 1988 was also the same
year Die Hard came out, and the Japanese CEO in the
film was an internment camp survivor
29. Battle of the
Atlantic
1)
{
2)
Allied warships used sonar to
locate and attack German
submarines (U-boats). Began
using long range sub-hunting
aircraft
Once the German U-boats were made
less effective, it proved a key turning
point in the European naval theater.
30. Battle of
Stalingrad
{
1)
2)
Considered the turning point of the war in Europe.
The cold Russian winter stopped German
advancement into USSR. The Soviets counterattack
and lose approximately 1 million but take 350,000
Nazis with them
The German offensive stalls, Russians begin to
regain lost ground and push towards
Germany.
31. North Africa
Campaign (Operation
Torch)
1)
{
2)
Eisenhower vs. Rommel in the
desert. Americans lose a key battle
yet issue a counter-attack and take
over the area.
North Africa was important because
once we had it, we could invade
Italy and backdoor invade Germany
32. D-Day
(Operation Overlord)
1)
{
2)
Largest amphibian invasion in world
history on June 6, 1944. Allies invade
Western Europe by landing on the
beaches of Normandy, France.
Once Western France is taken, it marks
the beginning of the end for Hitler.
Though a huge victory, many Allied
lives were lost in taking Omaha beach
33. Battle of Midway
{
1)
2)
Huge naval victory for the
Allies vs. Japan
Considered the turning point of
the Pacific, as we asserted our
dominance of the Pacific Ocean
34. Battle of
Okinawa
1)
{
2)
One of the bloodiest battles of the Pacific
theater. It was the last major stronghold
before the invasion of Japan.
The Japanese fight to the death, leading to
heavy casualties on both sides. One of the
reasons Truman drops the bombs is because
he saw how fiercely the Japanese fought at
Iwo Jima and Okinawa: they would fight
equally as hard if the Allies invaded Japan.
35. Island hopping
1)
{
2)
U.S. strategy in the Pacific pursued
by Douglas MacArthur. Also called
“leapfrogging,” U.S. would take
islands one at a time in progression
that they could use for bomber bases
for planes to take off from to bomb
Japan
Called leapfrogging because of the way we
jumped from one lily pad to the next on our
way to Japan.
36. Kamikaze pilots
{
1)
2)
Pilots towards the end of the war
that sacrificed themselves by
crashing their planes into Allied
ships.
Many kamikaze planes were loaded
with bombs in order to inflict as much
damage as possible.
37. Manhattan
Project
{
1)
2)
Top secret project to develop
the atomic bomb
First bomb field tested in the New
Mexico desert. Robert Oppenheimer,
the chief architect behind the bomb, said
“Now I am become Death, the destroyer
of worlds.”
38. The Big Three of
World War II
1)
{
2)
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin…
They meet at several
conferences during the war to
decide the fate of Europe after
the war
Churchill and FDR became fast friends,
but they did not trust Stalin, who used
the war as an excuse to take up territory.
39. Atlantic Charter
Churchill and FDR agree:
No territorial expansion
Self determination for colonies
World peace
Abandonment of the use of force
{
These principles led to the founding of the United
Nations. Unlike its predecessor, the League of Nations,
the UN actually had teeth and could exert pressure on
countries to behave.
40. Casablanca
Conference
1)
{
At Casablanca, Churchill and
Roosevelt agree that: Europe
(Hitler) needed to be dealt with
first. Also, nothing but the
unconditional surrender of the
Axis Powers would be acceptable.
41. Tehran
Conference
{
1)
2)
Churchill and FDR promise Stalin that
a cross-Channel invasion of Nazi-held
Europe was coming, Stalin promised to
enter the war against Japan when
Germany lost.
Big Three also promise Chiang Kai-shek
that all Chinese territories taken by Japan
would be returned after the war.
42. Yalta Conference
1)
{
2)
Established the UN and the UN
Security Council with five
permanent members
United States, France, United
Kingdom, Soviet Union, and
China
43. Potsdam
Conference
1)
2)
Truman tells Stalin that we have a new
weapon to use in the war in order to
intimidate him (atomic bomb). The future of
Germany and Poland are also discussed
The last major conference of the war: Truman,
Stalin, and Clement Atlee
{
44. The Holocaust
{
1)
2)
Systematic genocide of the Jews in Europe.
German people looked for someone to blame
for their problems.
2/3 of Europe’s Jewish population would lose
their lives in concentration camps. Other
undesirables were homosexuals, Jehovah’s
witnesses, Gypsies, and the homeless
45. Nuremburg
Trials
{
1)
2)
A military tribunal composed of
members selected by the Allies that
executed half of the 24 Nazi
defendants
Established the precedent that individuals
are responsible for their own actions. “we
were only following orders” was no
longer a viable excuse.
46. General Dwight
D. Eisenhower
{
1)
2)
Supreme Allied Commander in
World War II. Very capable
military commander and future
president. Fought mainly in the
European theater.
Architect of the D-Day invasion
47. Douglas
MacArthur
{
1)
2)
Commander of Allied forces in the
Pacific Theater. Pursued the
islandhopping strategy and would
later command U.S. forces in the
Korean War 1950-53
Called “American Caesar,” MacArthur
had Supreme Command in the Pacific,
answering to no one other than FDR.
48. Admiral Chester
Nimitz
1)
{
2)
Admiral of the Allied fleet in
the Pacific, oversaw key
victories like Coral Sea and
Midway
A lesser known name, yet Nimitz
scored several decisive Allied
victories.
49. Harry S. Truman
1)
{
2)
FDR’s successor, was left to
him to decide whether or not
to drop the atomic bomb. He
would be reelected to a second
term
Felt it would save American lives so
he dropped it. Never regretted the
decision, said Americans “should do
their weeping at Pearl Harbor.”
50. United Nations
{
1)
2)
International peacekeeping
community established after
World War 2
Uses primarily economic sanctions
to keep countries in line. NATO
has more military might in reality.