Transcript 2nd Nine Week Mid-Point Benchmark Review

USII.7abc-8abcd
2nd Nine Weeks
Benchmark Review
WWII & The Cold War
including USII.2c, 4d,
6c and 6d.
Political instability
& economic
devastation in
Europe resulting from WWI:
• World wide depression
• Germany’s high war debt
• High inflation
• Massive unemployment
Rise of
Fascism
Fascism is a political
philosophy in which
total power is given to
a dictator and
individual freedoms are
denied
Fascist dictators
included:
• Adolf Hitler -Germany
• Benito Mussolini -Italy
• Hieki Tojo -Japan
The 3 Axis Powers
• Germany
• Hitler
• Italy
• Mussolini
• Japan
• Tojo
Ruled by
dictatorships:
• Nazi Germany
• Fascist Italy
• Dictatorial Japan
• Communist Soviet Union
The Soviet
Union (Joseph Stalin)
•Began as an Axis
Power, and changed
to the Allies after
Germany invasion.
The Allies-
(Democratic Nations)
*USA
• FDR & Truman
*Great Britain
• Churchill
*Canada
*France
*Soviet Union
• Stalin
(joined after German invasion)
US Presidents during
WWII
•Franklin D. Roosevelt
and later…
•Harry S. Truman
There was a gradual
change in American
policy during WWII:
• Isolationism
(Great Depression, legacy of WWI)
• Economic aid to allies (lend lease)
• Direct involvement (Pearl Harbor)
Isolationism
•National policy of
avoiding involvement
in world affairs.
Inflation
•A continuous
rise in the price
of goods and
services.
Increased tensions
between the U.S.
and Japan BEFORE
Pearl Harbor was due to:
•Japanese
aggression in East
Asia
Lend-lease
• An act passed by Congress in
March 1941 allowing the U.S. to
sell, lend, or lease arms or other
war supplies to any nation vital to
the defense of the U.S.
• Ex: The U.S. gave war supplies and
old naval ships to Great Britain in
return for military bases in Bermuda
and the Caribbean.
The U.S. helped
in WWII BEFORE
Pearl Harbor by:
•Giving economic
aid to the Allies
The bombing of
Pearl Harbor
•December 7,
1941
•“A day that shall live
in infamy”
When…
•The U.S.
declared •Germany
war on
declared
Japan
war on
the U.S.
then….
That was 2 years
after….
Germany invades
Poland in 1939
The start of WWII in
Europe
The Soviet Union also
invaded Poland and the
Baltic Nations.
War Timeline:
• Germany invades Poland on Sept.
1939
• Germany invades France and
captures Paris on June 1940
• Japan bombs Pearl Harbor on
Dec. 1941
• U.S. declares war on Japan &
Germany
• D-Day, Normandy, France June
1944
The Battle of
Britain
•Germany launched massive
air raids over London, BUT the
British Royal Air Force
mounted a heroic defense and
inflicted heavy losses on the
German Air Force. Hitler then
moved east into the Soviet
Union.
Stalingrad
• The Soviet Union
defeated Germany at
Stalingrad, oil rich lands
to the south of the
Soviet Union. This was a
turning point of the war
in Eastern Europe.
D-Day
•American & Allied
troops
•Normandy, France
•June 6, 1944
•Started the liberation
of Western Europe
The Battle of
Midway
U.S. victory that
was a turning point
in the war in the
Pacific
Japan surrendered
because:
•The U.S. dropped 2
atomic bombs on:
•Hiroshima
•Nagasaki
This marked the end of World
War II.
Hitler’s promise
•A boost in
economy
•Relief from high
unemployment
The
Holocaust
• a systematic attempt to
rid Europe of all Jews.
• practiced Anti-semitisma hatred of Jews
Hitler believed
that:
•Aryans were
the master
race
Tactics used
during the
Holocaust:
• Boycott of Jewish stores
• Threats
• Segregation
• Imprisonment and killing of Jews
and others in concentration
camps
Concentration
Camps
•Where Hitler
imprisoned Jews
and others during
WWII
•Allied forces liberated
(set free) Jews and others
from Concentration
Camps at the end of
WWII.
American
involvement in
WWII brought an
end to the Great
Depression
• Factories and workers were
needed to produce goods to
win the war
America went from
a consumer producing
country to a war
producing country:
• Nylon stockings to parachutes
• Tennis shoes to combat boots
• Automobiles to trucks & tanks
Women helped
during WWII by:
•Thousands took
jobs in defense
plants during the
war.
(Rosie the Riveter)
Americans at
home supported
the war by:
•Conserving and
rationing resources
Red Books were used to purchase
goods such as meat, butter, and
cheese.
The need for workers
temporarily broke
down some racial
barriers
(hiring in defense plants)
• Discrimination against
African Americans still
continued.
Internment
Camps
•Where the U.S. put
Japanese Americans
during WWII (although
many served in the armed
forces during the war)
Post WWII
•USII.7a
The United States
& Soviet Union
•Emerged as
SUPERPOWERS
after WWII
The United
Nations
• An international
organization that debates
world issues and tries to
keep peace
• Formed near the end of
WWII to prevent future
wars
After WWII
Japan:
• Adopted a democratic
form of government
• Resumed selfgovernment
• Became a strong ally of
the United States
After WWII
•The U.S. felt it was in
its best interest to
rebuild Europe to
prevent political and
economic instablililty
Containment
•The policy or process
of preventing the
expansion of a hostile
powers; a policy of
blocking communist
expansion.
Marshall Plan
• U.S. plan to provide
massive economic aid to
Western Europe after
WWII and to stop the
spread of communism
Named after George C.
Marshall who made the
announcement
Germany was partitioned
into:
West Germany-
Became democratic
Resumed self-government
(after a few years of
American, French, and
British occupation)
East GermanyRemained under
domination of Soviet
Union & did not adopt
democratic institutions
Capitalism
•An economic system
based on private
property and free
enterprise
•U.S.A. has this type
of system
Converting from:
Wartime to peacetime
• Following WWII, Americans
prospered due to an expanding
economy stimulated by
America’s involvement in the
war
Reasons for rapid
growth of American
economy following
WWII
• With rationing over, business
converted from production of
war materials to consumer
goods
• Americans purchased goods on
credit
Examples of businesses
converting from the
production of
war materials to
consumer goods:
• Combat boots to tennis shoes
• Fighter jets to passenger
airplanes
• Parachutes to nylon stockings
• Production of war vehicles to
family automobiles
•
More reasons for rapid
growth of American
economy following
WWII:
• Workforce went back to men
• Women returned to family
duties
• Labor unions merged &
became more powerful
• Workers gained new benefits
and higher salaries
A “Booming”
economy:
• As economic prosperity
continued and technology
boomed, the next generation
of women re-entered the
labor force in large numbers
The Cold War
•Tension between
the USA and the
Soviet Union
without actual
fighting
Origins of Cold War
• Differences in goals and ideologies
between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
• The U.S. :
Capitalist and Democratic
• The Soviet Union:
Dictatorial and Communist
During the Cold War
the Soviet Union
controlled:
•Eastern
European
countries
NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
• Stated that “an armed attack
against one or more of (the
member nation) shall be
considered an attack against all”
• Military alliance formed to guard
against Soviet attack
Warsaw Pact
•Counterpart of NATO
•Had military force
that the Soviet
Union controlled
The Korean War
•ended in a
STALEMATE
China
•Aided North Korea
during the Korean
War
Domino Theory
• If one country is taken over
by communism then all
surrounding countries fall to
communism
• Coined by President
Eisenhower referring to the
spread of communism into
South Vietnam
The Vietnam War
• Americans were divided over
whether the U.S. should be
involved in Vietnam.
• The conflict ended in a ceasefire agreement in which U.S.
troops withdrew
The Cuban Missile
Crisis
• An event during the Cold War that
brought the USA and the Soviet
Union close to a nuclear war
• The Soviet Union placed missiles
in Cuba
• The USA responded by a naval
blockade & the Soviet Union
turned back
The collapse of the
Soviet Union and
Communism in
Europe
•The destruction of the
Berlin Wall
•The break up of the
Soviet Union into
independent countries
America’s New
Challenges AFTER
the Cold War
•Role of U.S. military
involvement
•Environmental problems
•Global trade and jobs
•Diseases
• USII.2c, 4d, 6c & 6d Review:
• Between the Civil War and
World War I, America was
transformed from an
Agricultural Nation to and
Industrial Nation
Inventions that
contributed to great
change and industrial
growth:
• Electric lighting and mechanical
uses of electricity by Thomas
Edison
• Telephone service by Alexander
Graham Bell
The 4 Reasons for
the rise & prosperity
of big business:
• National markets created by
transportation advances
• The Captains of Industry:
• John D. Rockefeller (oil)
• Andrew Carnegie (steel)
• Henry Ford (automobile)
• Cornelius Vanderbilt (shipping &
railroads)
Continued:
• Advertising
• Mail order (ex. Sears Roebuck
catalog)
• Lower-cost production
• Assembly Line
Factors resulting in
growth of industry:
• Access to raw materials and energy
• Availablility of the work force
• Inventions
• Financial resources
Examples of big
business:
• Railroads
• Oil
• Steel
Postwar changes in
farm and city life:
*Mechanization
**the reaper-reduced farm labor
needs and increased production
*Industrial development in cities
created increased labor needs.
*Industrialization provided access to
consumer goods (mail order)
Cultural climate of the
1920’s and 1930’s
• The 1920’s and 1930’s were important
decades for American art, literature,
and music.
• The leaders of the Harlem
Renaissance drew upon the heritage
of African American culture to
establish themselves as powerful
forces for cultural change.
Art:
• Georgia O’Keeffe- painted
urban and later Southwest
scenes.
• Jacob Lawrence- chronicled
the Great Migration through
art
Literature
• F. Scott Fitzgerald- wrote
about the 1920’s Jazz Age
• John Steinbeck-wrote about the
1930’s and the strength of poor
migrant families and workers
• Langston Hughes-poet who
combined experiences of African
and American cultural roots.
Music
• Aaron Copland and George
Gershwin- composers who
wrote uniquely American
music.
• Duke Ellington and Louis
Armstrong- Jazz musicians
and composers
• Bessie Smith- Blues singer
USII.5d The Great Depression
The 3 causes of the Great
Depression are:
• People over-speculated on stocks,
using borrowed money they could
not repay when the stock market
crashed
• The Federal Reserved failed to
protect the banking system
• High tariffs strangled international
trade
The Impact on Americans:
• A large number of banks and
businesses failed
• One-fourth (1/4 or 25%) of workers
were without jobs
• Large number of people were
hungry and homeless
• Farmers’ incomes fell to low levels
The 5 Major Features
of the New Deal:
• Social Security
• Federal Work Programs
• Environmental Improvement
Programs
• Farm Assistance Programs
• Increased Rights for Labor
The 9 States found in the
Northeast region:
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Maine
Vermont
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
The 4 Important
cities found in the
Northeast region:
•New York
•Boston
•Pittsburgh
•Philadelphia
The 14 states in the
Southeast region:
•
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Maryland
Delaware
West Virginia
Virginia
Kentucky
Tennessee
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisiana
Arkansas
The 3 important
cities found in the
Southeast region:
• Washington, D.C.
• Atlanta
• New Orleans
The 12 states found
in the Midwest
region:
• Ohio
• Indiana
• Illinois
• Michigan
• Wisconsin
• Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Kansas
Nebraska
South Dakota
North Dakota
The 3 important cities
found in the
Midwest region:
• Chicago
• St. Louis
• Detroit
The 4 states found
in the
Southwest region:
• Texas
• Oklahoma
• New Mexico
• Arizona
The 2 important
cities found in the
Southwest:
• San Antonio
• Santa Fe
The 6 states found in the
Rocky Mountain/Western
Region:
• Colorado
• Utah
• Nevada
• Montana
• Wyoming
• Idaho
The 2 Important
cities found in
the Rocky Mountain/Western
region:
• Denver
• Salt Lake City
The 3 states found in
the Pacific region:
•Washington
•Oregon
•California
The 3 important cities
found in the Pacific region:
• San Francisco
• Los angeles
• Seattle
The 2 states found in
the Noncontiguous
region:
•Alaska
•Hawaii
The 2 important cities
found in the
Noncontiguous region:
•Juneau
•Honolulu
FINALLY!!! You’re
finished!
• STUDY, STUDY,
STUDY and maker
your parents
proud! 