Transcript Warm-ups Life Science

Quarter 1
Warm-up #1
 What is Life Science?
 (take a guess if you do not know)
Warm-up #1
 What is Life Science?
 The life sciences comprise the fields of science that
involve the scientific study ofliving organisms, such
as microorganisms, plants, animals, and human
beings.
 The study of LIFE!!!!!
Warm-up #2
Characteristics
Of
Living Things
 They have cells
 They sense and
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


respond to change
They reproduce
They have DNA
They use energy
They grow and
develop
Warm-up #3-copy this
 adaptation
Definition: The process by which a living organism
conforms to its environment
Context: A species� adaptations over time improve
its chance of survival.
 organisms
Definition: Any living things that can act or function
independently
Context: Organisms live in the upper levels of the
atmosphere and deep in the oceans.
Warm-up #4- copy this
 photosynthesis
Definition: Process through which light energy, water, and
carbon dioxide are converted to carbohydrate and oxygen in the
presence of chlorophyll
Context: To be classified as a plant, an organism makes its own
food through photosynthesis.
 species
Definition: A classification of related living organisms that can
freely interbreed without complications
Context: The bald eagle was once an endangered species.
 taxonomy
Definition: The science of classifying plants and animals into
species and logical groups of species
Context: Scientists use taxonomy to group living organisms.
Warm-up #5 copy this
Warm-up #6
 What are microscopes?
Noun
An optical instrument used for viewing very small objects,
typically magnified several hundred times.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-w98KA8UqU
Warm-up # 7
 What Is Cell Biology?
 Cell biology is the subdiscipline of biology that studies
the basic unit of life, the cell. It deals with all aspects of
the cell including cell anatomy, cell division (mitosis
and meiosis), and cell processes such as cell
respiration, and cell death. Cell biology does not stand
alone as a discipline but is closely related to other areas
of biology such as genetics, molecular biology, and
biochemistry.
Warm-up #8
Cells and the Cell Theory
• Finding Cells in Other Organisms In 1673,
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch merchant,
made his own microscopes. Leeuwenhoek was
the first person to see bacteria. And he
discovered that yeasts that make bread dough
rise are single-celled organisms.
• The Cell Theory All organisms are made of one
or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of all
living things. All cells come from existing cells.
Warm-up #9
Cells
• A Few Large Cells Most cells are small. A few,
however, are big. A chicken egg is one big cell.
• Many Small Cells There is a physical reason why
most cells are so small. Cells take in food and get rid
of wastes through their outer surface. As a cell gets
larger, it needs more food and produces more waste.
Therefore, more materials pass through its outer
surface. As the cell’s volume increases, its surface
area grows too. Learn how to calculate a cells
surface area-to-volume ratio in the next slide.
Warm-up #10
Parts of a Cell
• The Cell Membrane and Cytoplasm The cell
membrane is a protective layer that covers the cell’s
surface and acts as a barrier. Inside the cell is a fluid
called cytoplasm.
• Organelles Organelles are structures that perform
specific functions within the cell.
• Genetic Material DNA is the genetic material that
carries information needed to make new cells and
new organisms.
Warm-up #11
Two kinds of Cells
 With or Without a Nucleus There are two basic
types of cells— cells without a nucleus and cells
with a nucleus.
Warm-up #12
• What Are Eukaryotes? Organisms made of
eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes.
• The Cell Theory Eukaryotic cells are the largest
cells. Unlike bacteria and archaebacteria,
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. You can see
other parts of a typical eukaryotic cell on the next
slide.
Warm-up #13
Warm-up #14
 Name all the parts of the Animal Cell?
 (hint use Worksheet)
Warm-up #15
 Name all the parts of the Plant Cell?
 (hint use Worksheet)
Warm-up #16
 Organelles
 The human body contains many different organs, such
as the heart, lung, and kidney, with each organ
performing a different function. Cells also have a set of
"little organs", called organelles, that are adapted
and/or specialized for carrying out one or more vital
functions. Organelles are found only in eukaryotes and
are always surrounded by a protective membrane. It is
important to know some basic facts about the
following organelles.
Warm-up #17
 The Cell Theory states
 :All living organisms are composed of cells. They may
be unicellular or multicellular.
 The cell is the basic unit of life.
 Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Warm-up #18
Cell Membrane
 Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement
in and out of the cell
 Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #19
Cell Wall
 Most commonly found
in plant cells & bacteria
 Supports & protects
cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #20
Nucleus
 Directs cell activities
 Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
 Contains genetic material - DNA
Warm-up #21
Chromosomes
 In nucleus
 Made of DNA
 Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #22
Cytoplasm
 Gel-like mixture
 Surrounded by cell membrane
 Contains hereditary material
Warm-up #23
 pho·to·syn·the·sis
 ˌfōtōˈsinTHəsis/
 noun
 1.
 the process by which green plants and some other
organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from
carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants
generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and
generates oxygen as a byproduct.
Warm-up #24
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Moves materials around in
cell
 Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
 Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #24
Ribosomes
 Each cell contains
thousands
 Make proteins
 Found on ribosomes &
floating throughout
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #25
Mitochondria
 Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates
 Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
 Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #26
Golgi Bodies
 Protein 'packaging
plant'
 Move materials within
the cell
 Move materials out of
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #27
Lysosome
 Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
 Transports undigested
material to cell
membrane for removal
 Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #28
Vacuoles
 Membrane-bound sacs
for storage, digestion,
and waste removal
 Contains water
solution
 Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Warm-up #29
Chloroplast
 Usually found in plant
cells
 Contains green
chlorophyll
 Where photosynthesis
takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html