Transcript Computer Software

Software Solutions for
Personal and Professional Gain
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Software from Conception to Installation and Beyond
System Software
Application Software
Smart Software: Artificial Intelligence
Trends
• There is a shift from a hardware view of
computing to software & services
"Ten years out, in terms of actual
hardware costs you can almost think of
hardware as being free -- I'm not saying it
will be absolutely free -- but in terms of
the power of the servers, the power of
the network will not be a limiting factor,"
Gates said, referring to networked
computers and advances in the speed of
the Internet.
outline
• to be organized
key Terms
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Operating system
Command-based
user interface
Graphical User Interface
Boot process
Multitasking
Device driver
Utility programs
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
Linux
Device driver
Utility programs
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
Linux
Word
Spreadsheet Software
Optimization
Presentation Software
Database management
Personal Information management
Software Suites
Processing
Two Types of Software
System Software
The Operating System
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Need a formal definition here!
The software that controls the computer’s use of its hardware. Basic default
functions, design, menus and interactivity are often part of/exclusive to the devices
particular OS
Acts as an interface between application software and hardware.
Operating System Functions
• Operating systems are designed to support a variety of
computer platforms and uses, such as the following:
Operating Systems
• widely known operating systems.
– DOS
– Windows,
– Android,
– IOS
– Linux
– Unix
DOS – Disk Operating System
• DOS uses a command based interface
• DOS command examples
– DIR - Lists files of the current directory
– COPY – copies files from on location to
another (example:
COPY c:\mydata\letter1.wpf a:)
– CD changes the current default
directory
– DEL – deletes files
– CLS – clears the screen
User Interface-Command-based
User Interface-Graphical User Interface
Generally controlled by a MOUSE. The shape of the mouse pointer indicates the type
of operation about to be carried out.
Multi-Tasking
• Multitasking
is the ability
of the OS to
run several
programs or
tasks at the
same time.
Device Driver
• Any device that
connects to a
computer includes
associated software
called the device
driver that must be
installed in order for
the operating system
to recognize and
communicate with
the device.
Managing Files
• Windows users
make use of a
program named
File Explorer to
manage their files,
while Mac users
use Finder.
• Files are organized
in a hierarchical
structure
Utility Programs (the other system software)
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Programs designed to assist the machine
in running smoothly, securely, and
efficiently:
– Virus Detection
– Spam and Pop-up blockers
– Adware & Spyware protection
– Defragmentation
– Windows Cleaners
Programs that assist us in maintaining and
manipulating system resources:
– File Compression (WinZip)
– File and Disk Management & Backup
– CD/DVD Burners
Application Software
Productivity Software
• Word Processing: Document
production
• Spreadsheet: Numeric analysis
software often used for carrying
out “what if” scenarios.
• Database: For managing and
querying data records
• Presentation: For developing
supportive visual aides to
accompany a presentation.
Personal Information Management
• PIM software helps
individuals store
useful information,
such as to-do lists,
appointment
calendars, and
contact lists. In
addition, information
in a PIM can be
linked.
Software Suite
• A software suite is a collection of application
software packages sold together.
Additional Applications Software
Applications Software for Businesses
and Organizations
• Application software can
be used to process
routine transactions,
provide information to
help people make better
decisions, and perform
a number of specialized
functions to handle
unique but important
tasks.
Call center employees use order entry software
to access product information and place
orders.
Software for Information, Decision
Support, & Specialized Purposes
• Physicians also use
software to make
better decisions.
• Sophisticated
software is now
being used to
increase the cure
rate.
AI Applications
• Robotics
• Computer Vision
• Natural Language
Processing
– Speech Recognition
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Handwriting Recognition
Face Recognition
Intelligent Agents
Artificial Creativity
Virtual Reality
• Virtual reality is often
linked to artificial
intelligence because it
leans on AI technologies.
• Immersive virtual reality
refers to a simulation in
which the user becomes
fully immersed in an
artificial, three-dimensional
world that is completely
generated by a computer.
Software from Conception to Installation
and Beyond
Web Service
• Web service is a software system that
automates tasks by controlling communication
between computers over the Internet.
Off-the-shelf Software
• Off-the-shelf software
is mass-produced
software designed for
use by the general
public.
• Shareware
– Marketed under a "try
before you buy"
philosophy
Subscription Model
• With a software subscription
you pay an annual fee for as
long as you wish to use the
software.
• This model is ideal for
software such as virus
protection that requires
continuous updates.
Rich Internet Applications
• Rich Internet
applications
are delivered
using a Web
interface.
Rich Internet Applications Examples
Custom-designed software
• Custom Designed
software, either inhouse developed or
contracted, is software
designed to solve a
unique and specific
problem.
• Companies will
sometimes market
their custom software
to others in the
industry.
Installing
Software
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• Software for personal computers
typically comes on CDs or is
downloaded as a compressed
file.
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How Software Works
• Executable File: stores
computer instructions in
binary machine
language
• Software consists of a
number of files, at least
one of which is
“executable” or used by
an executable somehow.
http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/
Trends
• Software has become more expensive than hardware
for several reasons:
– Technology has resulted in reduced hardware costs.
– Software requires more time to develop.
– Developers’ salaries have increased.