Transcript Ai-old
Artificial Intelligence What is AI? • Turing’s definition • Are we there yet? • Eliza (the original) • Alice • Joan Our Working Definition of AI Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things that people are better at or would be better at if: • they could extend what they do to a World Wide Web-sized amount of data, and • not make mistakes. A Time Line View the time line The Origins of AI Hype 1950 Turing predicted that in about fifty years "an average interrogator will not have more than a 70 percent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of questioning". 1957 Newell and Simon predicted that "Within ten years a computer will be the world's chess champion, unless the rules bar it from competition." The Key Components • Perception • Knowledge • Reasoning • Language • Moving around Image Perception 424d961d0300000000003e00000028000000b2030000a50600000100010000 000000581d0300232e0000232e0000020000000000000000000000ffffff00e0a 288208a38a388a08a00a2880080380288200a38a0082080380380a00a00a28 8038a380380000000a00a0080380280a00a00a008008a380280a00a00a0000 000000000a00a00a0000000000000000000a0000380380380eb8e00e380e80 e38e38abf8e00e38aab8e380380a80a38a388abfe3fffffc000e1c71c71c775c71 c71c701c71c01c074071c700775e01c71c0740700700701c71c01c774070000 0001e01c01c0740700700701e01c01c7740700700701e00000000000007007 01e0000000000000000001e00001c074070071c701c700700775c71c7fc701c 71c71c7740700700775c71c71ff7fffffc000e0820820822082082082008208008 0200208200220a008208020020020020082080082200200000000a00800802 00200200200a0080082200200200200a0000000000000200200a0000000000 000000000a0000080200200208200020020022002082a02008208208220020 0200220820820aa2aaaabc000e11110111011111011110111100100100110101 1111010110010010010110111140111100100000001501001001001001011011 010011110010010110110000000000000101101100000000000000000011000 010010010011000001001010100110150001011011001001001010100110111 0151511c000e00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 Image Perception Image Perception http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2fjcmPII30&feature=related http://www.pcworld.com/article/224007/google_wont_release_awesome_facial_reco gnition_app.html But We’re Still Ahead http://www.captcha.net/ But What About Knowledge? • Why do we need it? Find me stuff about dogs who save people’s lives. • How can we represent it and use it? • How can we acquire it? But What About Knowledge? • Why do we need it? Find me stuff about dogs who save people’s lives. Two beagles spot a fire. Their barking alerts neighbors, who call 911. • How can we represent it and use it? • How can we acquire it? Even Children Know a Lot A story described in Charniak (1972): Jane was invited to Jack’s birthday party. She wondered if he would like a kite. She went into her room and shook her piggy bank. It made no sound. Concepts Can Computers Learn Concepts? Start with telling the computer that “pie” is a baked good. Now scan the internet to acquire the concept “baked goods”: • • • • • Bake the pie for an hour. Bake cookies at 350 for 14 minutes. Bake the cake at 350 until a toothpick comes out clean. Chocolate cake is usually the favorite. Oatmeal cookies freeze well. A good notion of “baked goods” Can Computers Learn Concepts? Start with telling the computer that “pie” is a baked good. Now scan the internet to acquire the concept “baked goods”: • • • • • • Bake the pie for an hour. Bake cookies at 350 for 14 minutes. Bake the cake at 350 until a toothpick comes out clean. Chocolate cake is usually the favorite. Oatmeal cookies freeze well. I don’t want any Internet cookies. Can Computers Learn Concepts? Start with telling the computer that “pie” is a baked good. Now scan the internet to acquire the concept “baked goods”: • • • • • • • Bake the pie for an hour. Bake cookies at 350 for 14 minutes. Bake the cake at 350 until a toothpick comes out clean. Chocolate cake is usually the favorite. Oatmeal cookies freeze well. I don’t want any Internet cookies. I deleted all my Internet cookies. Can Computers Learn Concepts? Start with telling the computer that “pie” is a baked good. Now scan the internet to acquire the concept “baked goods”: • • • • • • • • Bake the pie for an hour. Bake cookies at 350 for 14 minutes. Bake the cake at 350 until a toothpick comes out clean. Chocolate cake is usually the favorite. Oatmeal cookies freeze well. I don’t want any Internet cookies. I deleted all my Internet cookies. I deleted all my files. Further Complications from How Language is Used • After the strike, the president sent them away. • After the strike, the umpire sent them away. The word “strike” refers to two different concepts. When Other Words in Context Aren’t Enough • I need a new bonnet. • The senator moved to table the bill. Language Processing Today • Newsblaster • Watson What Can Machines Do Today? IBM’s site: http://www-03.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/what-is-watson/index.html Introduction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FC3IryWr4c8 Watch a sample round: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFR3lOm_xhE From Day 1 of the real match: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seNkjYyG3gI Bad Final Jeopardy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwkoabTl3vM&feature=relmfu How does Watson win? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_yXV22O6n4 Machine Translation The estimated death toll from Japan's disasters climbed past 10,000 Sunday as authorities raced to combat the threat of multiple nuclear reactor meltdowns and hundreds of thousands of people struggled to find food and water. The prime minister said it was the nation's worst crisis since World War II. El número de muertos por los desastres de Japón subió últimos 10.000 el domingo como las autoridades se apresuraron a combatir la amenaza de múltiples fusiones de reactores nucleares y cientos de miles de personas lucharon para encontrar comida y agua. El primer ministro dijo que era peor crisis del país desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. The death toll from Japan's disaster climbed past 10,000 on Sunday as authorities scrambled to combat the threat of multiple mergers of nuclear reactors and hundreds of thousands of people struggled to find food and water. The prime minister said it was worse crisis in the country since the Second World War. Machine Translation The estimated death toll from Japan's disasters climbed past 10,000 Sunday as authorities raced to combat the threat of multiple nuclear reactor meltdowns and hundreds of thousands of people struggled to find food and water. The prime minister said it was the nation's worst crisis since World War II. 当局は、複数の原 子炉のメルトダウンと食料と水を見つけるのに苦労何十万 もの人々の脅威と戦うためにレースと しての日本の災害からの推定死亡者数 は過去1万日 曜日に登った。首相は、第二次世界大戦以来、国 家の最悪の危 機であると言いました。 Officials estimated the death toll from the disaster of Japan as a race to combat the threat of hundreds of thousands of people struggling to find food and water to more than one nuclear reactor meltdown Sunday climbed past 10,000 . The prime minister since World War II, said the nation's worst crisis. TranslationParty A federal appeals court ruled on Tuesday that regulators had limited power over Web traffic under current law. The decision will allow Internet service companies to block or slow specific sites and charge video sites like YouTube to deliver their content faster to users. 連邦控訴裁判所は27日、規制当局は、Webトラフィッ ク過電流法の下で限ら れた力を持って判決を下した。決定インターネットサービス会社がブロック する、または特定のサイトやYouTubeのような無料動画 サイトを遅らせる fasterユーザーにコンテンツを提供するようになります。 A federal appeals court on April 27, regulators, Web has ruled under a limited power over current traffic laws. The decision to block Internet services company, or specific sites and free video sites like YouTube to delay the faster will now provide content to the user. April 27, regulators, Web, has limited power under the control of traffic control in the current federal appeals court. Decisions, Internet, and a specific site or YouTube, the delay can be blocked immediately Bideokontentsusaito as the current user is free. http://translationparty.com/ Language Requires Knowledge Headlines Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics Language Requires Knowledge Headlines Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics Hospital Pays $100,000 to Overdose Victim’s Family Language Requires Knowledge Headlines Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics Hospital Pays $100,000 to Overdose Victim’s Family TV ads boost eating of obese children. Expert Systems Expert Systems - Medicine Example problems: • arrhythmia recognition from electrocardiograms • coronary heart disease risk group detection • monitoring the prescription of restricted use antibiotics • early melanoma diagnosis • gene expression data analysis of human lymphoma • breast cancer diagnosis