Transcript Lesson 1

AS-74.330
Post-Graduate Course on Control Engineering
Spring 2003:
Complex Systems
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 1
AS-74.330
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Post-graduate course of the
HUT Control Engineering Laboratory
Changing themes, can be taken many times
All material/presentations in English
6 credits out of 25-30 (major) or 10-15 (minor)
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 2
This is HOT!
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 3
Complex systems?
 Starting point (here): Simple basic system
structure, complexity resulting from massive
iteration
 Keyword is EMERGENCE of ORDER:
 When a large number of lower-level constructs are
combined, new patterns of functionality or structures
(hopefully) pop up
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 4
System complex
Behavior
Behavior chaotic
chaotic
Result fractal
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 5
Claims
 ”All natural processes are best explained in
terms of cellular automata”
 ”All natural systems are cellular automata”
 ”The same ideas solve the problems in biology,
sociology, ...”
 ”Old mathematics (physics, biology, ethics, etc.)
must be forgotten”
WHAT ...?!
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 6
Form vs. function?
Interesting emergent forms?
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 7
Course objective
Try to see the big picture.
Be prepared to contribute to ”science in the making”.
1.
2.
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4.
Possibilities and threats
Basic paradigms and approaches
Concrete environments for emergence
Example applications.
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 8
Course pages
http://www.control.hut.fi/kurssit/AS-74.330/index.html
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 9
Read the news!
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 10
Use Internet!
Links accessible through course pages:
 Complex systems research
 General bookmarks
 Related journals
 Research institutions
 Information on LaTeX
 Search machines
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 11
Publication
 The texts will be collected together and they
will be published in the Control Engineering
Laboratory publication series
 Texts will be written using LaTeX, following the
formatting guidelines
 ... an exercise in scientific writing!
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 12
Session outline
1. Exercises to be returned before session start
2. Preliminary versions of the Chapter handed
out (can be copied in the Lab if in time)
3. Some two-hour presentations, slides with
PowerPoint, if possible
4. Discussion
5. Feedback forms returned.
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 13
Session 2
January 22. New Kind of Science
Reino Virrankoski
Material (for example!) from Stephen Wolfram:
"A New Kind of Science" and Steven Johnson:
"Emergence - The Connected Lives of Ants,
Brains, Cities, and Software". The goal is to
informally give insight in the huge promises ...
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 14
Session 3
January 29. ... or End of Science?
Heikki Pisto
Material from John Horgan: "End of
Science". This shows the highly controversial
nature of the claims concerning complex
systems - and it also criticizes the "ironic
science" in general!
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 15
Session 4
February 5. Architecture of Complex Systems
Eugene M. Burmakin
Material from Herbert A. Simon: "Sciences of
the Artificial". The role of hierarchies as
general structures spanning any complex
systems is presented, and motivations for this
fact is given; ideas of "empty world" and
"almost decomposability" are coined.
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 16
Session 5
February 12. Towards Decentralization
Matti Saastamoinen
Material from Stuart J. Russell, Peter Norvig:
"Artificial Intelligence - Modern Approach",
etc. Agents and their interactions as a
framework for mastering complexity in current
AI paradigms is presented, resulting in extreme
decentralization of processing and control.
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 17
Session 6
February 19. Networks of Agents
Jani Kaartinen
Material from Albert-Lazslo Barabasi:
"Linked". How everything is networked rather
than hierarchically organized.
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 18
Session 7
February 26. Cellular Automata
Juan Li
Material (again) from Stephen Wolfram: "A
New Kind of Science". How all higher-level
organization has to be abandoned?
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 19
Session 8
March 5. Chaos Theory
Boris Krassi
Material from Robert Devaney: "An
Introduction to Chaotic Dynamical Systems",
etc. Role of nonlinearity. Introduction to ideas of
deterministic chaos, bifurcations, fractals,
strange attractors, and "Feigenbaumian
universality" ...
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 20
Session 9
March 12. Research Based on Simulations
Lasse Eriksson
Material from Per Bak, Kan Chen: "SelfOrganized Criticality", John Doyle: WWW
Homepages, etc. Further innovations about
phase transitions, edge of chaos, highly
optimized tolerance, ...
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 21
Session 10
March 19. Self-Similarity and Power Laws
Tiina Komulainen
Material from the Web. How the "Zipf law"
seems to govern all naturally evolved systems,
and how such qualitative studies can be utilized
in artificial systems.
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 22
Session 11
March 26. Turing's Lure, Gödel's Curse
Abouda Abdulla
Material from Elwyn Berlekamp, John
Conway, Richard Guy: "Winning Ways" (Vol.
2, Chapter 25), etc. How it can be theoretically
shown that simple nonlinearities can produce
mindboggling complexity - and how this
universal might actually collapses everything!
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 23
Session 12
April 2. Control of Large-Scale Systems
Jari Hätönen
Material by Lauri Hakkala, etc. How the
problem of complexity used to be attacked
applying hierarchic control, applying optimal
control theory before anybody spoke of
robustness.
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 24
Session 13
April 9. Qualitative Approaches
Petteri Kangas
Material from John Sterman: "Business
Dynamics - Systems Thinking and Modeling
for a Complex World". Forgetting about details
and numbers, it can be easier to motivate the
ideas of System Dynamics to those who are
controlling the complex systems ...
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 25
Session 14
April 16. Towards a Systemic View of Complexity?
Yuba Raj Adhikari
Material from the Web. How emergent patterns
could be controlled? How to make something
interesting emerge? How to see emergent
processes in a perspective? What kind of
"holistic" mathematical tools might be available
when analyzing complex automation systems?
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 26
Goal: Homogeneity
 Presentations (oral/textual) should not be too
superficial, and not too mathematical
 Try to see wider perspectives, historical
developments and connections, etc.
 Give representative examples!
(It goes without saying: Quality is another
central goal)
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 27
YOU make it roll!
1.WHO are you?
2.WHERE do you come from?
3.WHY are you taking this course?
4.WHAT do you already know about the subject?
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 28
Heikki Hyötyniemi
 Chairman of the Finnish
Artificial Intelligence Society
(FAIS) 1999 – 2002
 About 100 scientific
publications
 Professor since Nov. 1, 2001
on Complex Systems
Heikki Hyötyniemi January 15, 2003
HUT / Control Engineering
Post-Graduate Course on Complex Systems
Session 1 / Slide 29