Transcript Multi Agent System & Holonic Manufacturing System

Some questions
o What are the appropriate control philosophies for
Complex Manufacturing systems?
Why????Holonic Manufacturing system
o Is Object -Oriented and / or Entity relationship
approach sufficient to establish a complex software
engineering system?
o Are there any differences between Agent and Holon?
The Holonic concept
The Holonic idea is a new paradigm develop to organize activities and
meet the agile, scalable ,robust and fault-tolerant requirements,
overcomes many difficulties faced by existing convectional, rigid
systems in manufacturing, offices etc.
 Holonic idea or concept is not a method or a process but a philosophy. A
guiding philosophy for effective and efficient way of getting a
performance better than the traditional approaches in use today
 This concept can be applied to our day to day life, activities as long as
efficiency is needed to be measure. Holonic idea have been applied in
offices, business, industry, university.
 So, it becomes paramount for us to have a full understanding of this
guiding philosophy for efficiency

HOLONIC PHILOSPHY
What are Holons?
 It is a combination of holos (a greek word
meaning whole) and suffix on (meaning
particles or part)
 A holon, as Koestler devised the term, is an
identifiable part of a system that has a
unique identity, yet is made up of subordinate parts and in turn is part of a larger
whole.
 It is an autonomous and co-operative
building block of a manufacturing system
for transforming, transporting, storing
and/or validating information and physical
objects.
Holon’s Properties
 Autonomy: the capability of an entity to create and control the
execution of its own plans and/or strategies
 Co-operation: a process whereby a set of entities develops mutually
acceptable plans and executes these plans.
 A holon self-regulates and respond to the environmental changes by
using flexible strategies, and the changes are fed back to the center of
its controller to continuously adjusts its course of action. The essential
attributes of holons includes autonomy and cooperativeness
Holonic Systems
 Holarchy: a system of holons that can co-
operate to achieve a goal or objective. The
holarchy defines the basic rules for cooperation of the holons and thereby limits
their autonomy.
 Holonic manufacturing system: a
holarchy that integrates the entire range
of manufacturing activities from order
booking through design, production, and
marketing to realize the agile
manufacturing enterprise.
HOLONIC SYSTEMS
Cooperative relationships among holons
Comparison of holonic with other systems
Agent
In terms of origin, the agent can be defined as the amount of sub-classes
which their combination establish the upper-class .
To exemplify, In manufacturing ,shops’(agent) combination make a bigger
unit which is called Factory.
Agents have their roots in the computer science (artificial intelligence area)
and the Holons in the computer integrated manufacturing domain,
focusing on the problem associated with the flexible manufacturing systems
{
Agent
 Agent
 It perceives the world in which it is situated.
 It has the capability of interacting with other agents.
 It is pro-active in the sense that it may take the initiative and
persistently pursues its own goals.
 MAS : Multi-agent system
 A collection of, possibly heterogeneous, computational entities,
having their own problem solving capabilities and which are able
to interact in order to reach an overall goal.
 MAS is seen as a system revealing a kind of synergy that would
not be expected from the sum of its component agent.
Agents’ behavior
Coordination protocol b/w agent is nearly always derived from
Contract Net (CNet)
Customer Agent
Task
Announcement
Bid Evaluation
Task offer
construction
Bid Collection
Task offer
submission
Task Commitment
Server Agent
Task
Announcement
monitoring
Bid
construction
Bid Submission
Task offer
reception
Task offer
acceptance
Task offer
evaluation
Agents’ behavior (2/2)
 Three classes of agent nodes.
 Service Manager Node
 Service Provider Node
 Contractor Node
Potential
Service Providers
Service Providers
Contractor
Manager
Task Announcement
Receive bids
Award bids
Agent Technology
An intelligent agent is a software entity which exhibits, in some
significant measure, autonomy, intelligence, and environmental
awareness, and which interacts with its environment to achieve
internal goals;
A multi-agent system (MAS) is a software system in which program
modules (the individual agents) are given autonomy and intelligence
and an underlining coordination mechanism (implementing rules for
collaboration, like for holarchies) which enables collaboration between
such modules (agents) to attain system objectives
Holons & Agent
The debate on clarifying the difference between holons and
agents is an ongoing issue in the research communities.
Given the essentially different path on which each concept
was developed the question itself is inappropriate.
In response to the need for modeling the complexity of
interactions in large scale Holonic systems, agent technology
has emerged as a paradigm for structuring, designing and
building software systems that require complex interactions
between autonomous distributed Holons.
Holons & Agent
The agent paradigm models systems focusing on the underlining
dynamics defined by the interactions between their parts. In contrast
to the passive way in which objects communicate by invoking methods
in one another in a way controlled externally by the user (e.g., from a
‘main’ program), agents are capable to initiate communication and
decide (like a human) when and how to respond to external stimuli
(e.g.,, manifested upon them as requests from other agents).
From this perspective the agent paradigm extends the object paradigm
in that agents can be regarded as proactive objects that have an internal
mechanism which governs their behavior enabling them to initiate
action as well as to respond to the outside environment in an
autonomous way.
Thank you for your attention