Transcript Cell Listening Bingo - Nashua School District

Leeuwenhoek
• made a simple microscope (mid 1600’s)
• magnified 270X
• Early microscope lenses made images larger but
the image was not clear
Leeuwenhoek's Microscope
A) a screw for adjusting the
height of the object being
examined
B) a metal plate serving as the
body
C) a skewer to impale the
object and rotate it
D) the lens itself, which was
spherical
CELL THEORY
• A theory resulting from many scientists’
observations & conclusions
CELL THEORY
1. The basic unit of life is the cell. (Hooke)
• In 1665, an English scientist
named Robert Hooke made
an improved microscope and
viewed thin slices of cork
viewing plant cell walls
• Hooke named what he saw
"cells"
CELL THEORY
2. All living things are made of 1 or more cells.
• Matthias Schleiden (botanist studying plants)
• Theodore Schwann (zoologist studying
animals) stated that all living things were
made of cells
Schwann
Schleiden
CELL THEORY
3. All cells divide & come from old cells. (Virchow)
Virchow
MODERN MICROSCOPES
• A microscope is simple or compound depending on
how many lenses it contains
• A lens makes an enlarged image & directs light
towards you eye
• A simple microscope has one lens
• Similar to a magnifying glass
• Magnification is the change in
apparent size produced by a
microscope
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
• A compound microscope
has multiple lenses
– (eyepiece & objective lenses)
STEREOMICROSCOPE
• creates a 3D image
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
• Powers of the eyepiece (10X) multiplied by
objective lenses determine total magnification.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPES
• More powerful; some can
magnify up to 1,000,000X
• Use a magnetic field in a
vacuum to bend beams of
electrons
• Images must be
photographed or produced
electronically
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Electron microscope image of a spider


produces realistic 3D image
only the surface of
specimen can be observed
Electron microscope image of a fly foot
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
• produces 2D image of
thinly sliced specimen
• detailed cell parts (only
inside a cell) can be
observed
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
• able to show
arrangement of
atoms
Cell Structure
& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life
functions.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement
in and out of the cell
• Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
• Most commonly found
in plant cells &
bacteria
• Supports & protects
cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA
Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow
material to enter and
leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around
in cell
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ER &
floating throughout
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging
plant'
• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome
• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell
membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant
cells
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Where
photosynthesis takes
place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html