Transcript MOVING MATERIALS INTO AND OUT OF CELLS

NOTES
CHAPTER 5
CELL TRANSPORT
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• Movement of a
substance through a
cell’s membrane
without use of cell
energy (ATP)
THREE
MAIN
TYPES
1. DIFFUSION
DIFFUSION
• RANDOM MOVEMENT
FROM A HIGH
CONCENTRATION TO
A LOW
CONCENTRATION
Chapter 5
Section 1 Passive Transport
Concentration Gradient
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Visual Concept
•WILL CONTINUOUSLY
OCCUR UNTIL
EQUILIBRIUM
OCCURS
- concentration is EQUAL
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF
THE CELL
Chapter 5
Section 1 Passive Transport
Diffusion
3 TERMS TO KNOW
1. SOLUTE:
A
SUBSTANCE THAT
DISSOLVES IN WATER
(SUGAR, SALT)
2.SOLVENT: WATER
3. SOLUTION:
MIXTURE OF
SOLUTES AND
SOLVENT
1. DIFFUSION
2. OSMOSIS
• DIFFUSION
OF WATER
molecules
FROM a
concentration
of HIGH TO
LOW
Concentration
OSMOSIS
Chapter 5
Section 1 Passive Transport
Osmosis
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Visual Concept
OSMOTIC PRESSURE: INCREASED WATER
PRESSURE INSIDE THE CELL THAT RESULTS
FROM OSMOSIS
***EFFECTS CAN BE HYPOTONIC,
ISOTONIC, OR HYPERTONIC
1. Hypotonic Environment
• Solute concentration in the
environment is lower than in the cell
• What will happen?
– Water will move into the cell, and the
cell will BURST!
– Plant cells won’t
– burst because of
– strong cell wall
2. Isotonic Environment
• Solute concentration in the
environment is equal to that inside
the cell (equilibrium) Nothing
happens!
• most cells are isotonic
3. Hypertonic Environment
• solute concentration in the
environment is higher than inside the
cell
• What will happen?
– Water will move out
– of the cell and the
– cell will SHRIVEL!
Low
solute
high
water
High
solute
low
water
= solute
= water
High
solute
low
water
Low
solute
high
water
Water
goes into
cell
NOTHING
Water leaves
the cell
Chapter 5
Section 1 Passive Transport
Comparing Hypertonic, Isotonic, and
Hypotonic Conditions
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Visual Concept
1. DIFFUSION
2. OSMOSIS
3. FACILITATED
DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
• TRANSPORT OF
SPECIFIC PARTICLES
THROUGH PROTEIN
CHANNELS IN THE
PLASMA MEMBRANE
•Membrane is SELECTIVELY
PERMEABLE (ONLY
ALLOWS CERTAIN SOLUTES
IN)
** Movement is from High to Low
Chapter 5
Section 1 Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• Transports particles through a
membrane against the
concentration gradient (Low to
High)
• Requires energy
–(ATP)
• Three main types
1. PROTON PUMP
PROTON PUMP
• Protons are pumped through channels
in the plasma membranes of
mitochondria and chloroplasts to create
energy (ATP)
• is also called chemiosmosis
•
+
H
CELL
1. PROTON PUMP
2. SODIUMPOTASSIUM
PUMP
SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP
• Used energy (ATP) to Power transport
potassium ions (K+) into the cell and
sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell
• For every 2 potassium ion’s going in,
three sodium ion’s go out and 1
molecule of ATP is used
• ALSO HELPS FOOD GET INTO
THE CELL
1. PROTON PUMP
2. SODIUM-POTASSIUM
PUMP
3. COUPLED
CHANNELS
COUPLED
CHANNELS
• Carry the sodium ions
back into the cell along
with food molecules
• It’s fast
What if the food
molecules going in or
out are way too big to
fit through the
proteins?
Endocytosis
• Cell engulf the food molecule
• requires energy (ATP)
• “Cell eating”
Chapter 5
Section 2 Active Transport
Endocytosis
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Visual Concept
PINOCYTOSIS
• Same endocytosis, but materials
entering the cell are liquids
• “cell drinking”
PHAGOCYTOSIS
• Material brought into cell is
another cell or other fragment
• Very common in unicellular
organisms
• example: white blood cells
• “Cell Cannabalism”
EXOCYTOSIS
• Reverse endocytosis
• Dumping of wastes outside a cell by
disposing them from vacuoles
• “Cell Vomiting”
Chapter 5
Section 2 Active Transport
Exocytosis
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Visual Concept