Transcript Types of cellls sem 2 2011

ADEPOSE TISSUE
Fat deposits composed of adipocytes
Stores energy in the form of lipids, insulates the body
MACROPHAGES
• A macrophage is a type of white blood cell that takes in
foreign material.
• Helps destroy bacteria, protozoa, and tumor cells (cancerous
cells).
• Releases substances to stimulate other cell in the immune
system.
• Removes cellular debris from the lungs.
• Helps in muscle repair, growth, and regeneration.
• Macrophages help in disease like Tuberculosis, Heart
disease, HIV, and Cancer.
Phloem
by Hayley Dawson
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Food transportation system in
plants
Composed of sieve tubes,
companion cells, phloem fibers,
and phloem parenchyma
Transports sugars and other
organic substances (amino acids
and RNAs) manufactured in the
cells of the plant
The substances enter “sieve
tubes” where they can be
transported up or down to any
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region of the plant
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Sieve tubes are channels in which food
substances travel
Phloem parenchyma aid in the
transport of foods (located near the
finest branches and terminations of the
sieve tubes)
Phloem fibers are long flexible sells that
are made up of soft fibers
Xylem Cell
Main organelle is the
rigid cell wall used for
support
• xylem helps to carry
water and minerals
around the plant
• contain
parenchyma cells,
which store energy
for the plant
•provides circulation in
vascular plants
• provides support to
the plant
• contains lignin in
cell walls making
them rigid
•(main component
of the wood of a
tree)
Bone Cells
Osterogenic Cells
-responsible for trauma response
- call on other cells to heal the bone
Osteoblasts
-secrete compound to repair and grow
bone
Osteocytes
- are mature osteoblasts
-maintain metabolism
-participate in nutrient and waste
exchange in the blood
Osteoclasts
-release calcium
-bone growth and repair
-much larger than other bone cells
Lining Cells
-regulate calcium and phosphate in the
bone
-create the lining of the bone
Cole Blanchard
Cardiac Muscle Cell
• A cardiac muscle cell is
different than regular muscle
cells.
• It has a large nucleus
• Numerous mitochondria as the
heart requires a larger amount of energy
• Proteins within the cell form bands of
varying density and thickness.
• Contraction of these cells cause the heart
to beat.
• Connected by Intercalated Disks, which contain gap junctions.
Natalie Townsend
Red Blood Cells
• The most important function of the red blood
cell is to transport oxygen through the body
• They make up 45% of the blood volume
• Also carry carbon dioxide out of the body
• Red blood cells have no nucleus
• Blood cells have no organelles so they are able
to transport more oxygen
• They do not carry DNA and are not
able to replicate
RODS
• A TYPE OF PHOTORECEPTOR FOUND IN THE RETINA OF
THE EYE
Functions:
 To translate light to vision
 To handle vision in low light, (allows you to see in dim light)
 To detect movement and register shapes, (cannot detect colour)
Prominent Organelles:
 Nucleus – the ‘control centre’ of the cell
 Mitochondrion – creates energy
 Smooth ER – stores calcium & detoxifies the cell
 Rough ER – transports proteins
 Centriole – allows cells to divide
 Ribosomes – creates protein
 Golgi Complex – processes ribosomal proteins
 Cilium – enables cell movement
* There are about 126
million rods in each
eye.
Cone Cell
• Photoreceptor cell
• Functions best in bright
light
• Responsible for colour
vision
• They are more sensitive
to high light intensities
and therefore colour can
not be seen very easily
when it is dark
• Allow you to perceive
finer detail and more
rapid changes in images
The main organelles are the
mitochondria and the nucleus
Sperm Cell
Function: Mixes with egg to create embryo.
Reproductive cell.
Organelles: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Centrioles,
Acrosome
By: Dylan Tannyan
• The glial cells are nonneuronal cells that provide
support and protection for
neurons in the brain and for
other parts of the nervous
system
• Other glial cells may regulate
the internal environment of
the brain
• Glial cells are capable of
mitosis and most neurons
cannot
• Down’s syndrome may be
cause by the production of
too many glial cells
Leukocytes (White blood cells)
• 5 diverse varieties, all “stem” from bone
marrow stem cell
• between 7 and 21 micrometres in
diameter
• Each lives about three days inside the
body
• The five types all have different targets
Meristematic Tissue
• Function
• Plants have meristematic tissue in several locations
• Roots and shoots have meristematic tissue at apical
meristems (the tips) that are responsible for the
elongation of roots and shoots
• During embryonic development the shoot apical
meristem is formed, but leaves and flowers after
germination gives rise to the stem
• The root apical meristem is also formed during
development, but during germination gives rise to the
root system
• Primary growth is cell division and cell lengthening in
the apical meristem which ends up starting an
increase in root lenth and plant height
• Organelles
• The vacuoles are small.
• The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated
plastids but they are there in rudimentary form,
proplastids
• The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall
Nerve cells (Neuron)
FUNCTION
• To carry information in the brain
• Example: When you put your hands on a hot
surface, one type of nerve cell that stretches
from your finger to your spine can sense the
heat. It sends a report to the brain as electricity.
When the information has to be shared with
another nerve cell in your brain, it is changed
into chemical information between the two cells
then changed back to electricity by the new cell.
PARTS
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Nucleus, Golgi Apparatus, ER
Mitochondrion
Polyribosome
Neuronal membrane
Dendrites
Axon
Nerve ending
Neuronal membrane
• Barrier to enclose cytoplasm in the
membrane
• Excludes certain substances that float in
the fluid that bathes the neuron.
Dendrites
• Branch out in treelike fashion
• Main apparatus for receiving signals from
other nerve cells.
Axon
• Main conducting unit of the neuron
• Convey electrical signals
• Many neurons don’t have axons.
Axon Hillock:
Where the axon
is joined to the
cell.
Nerve ending (Presynaptic
Terminals)
• Synapses: Junctions formed with other
cells when the presynaptic terminal of one
cell comes in contact with the presynaptic
membrane of another cell.
• Two types: electrical synapses and
chemical synapses.
Kristen Leong
Parenchyma Cells
Characteristics:
•Typical plant cell (not specialized)
•14 sided cell structure
•Large, thin-walled, and usually have a large central
vacuole
Functions:
•Have diverse functions ranging from storage and
support to photosynthesis and phloem loading
•Function as the bulk of ground and vascular tissues
•Synthesize and store organic products in the plant
•Thin, permeable walls enable the transport of small
molecules between them
Prominent Organelles:
•Cell wall, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Ribosome,
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Vacuole,
Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Vacuole
MACROPHAGES
• A macrophage is a type of white blood cell that takes in
foreign material.
• Helps destroy bacteria, protozoa, and tumour cells
(cancerous cells).
• Organelles found in a macrophage are nucleus, lysosomes,
mitochondria, and ER
• Releases substances to stimulate other cell in the immune
system.
• Removes cellular debris from the lungs.
• Helps in muscle repair, growth, and regeneration.
• Macrophages help in disease like Tuberculosis, Heart
disease, HIV, and Cancer.
Striated Muscle Cell
•Allows the body to move by repeated
contraction and relaxation
•Responsible for maintaining posture,
stabilizing the joints, and producing
body heat through muscle function
•Composed of muscle fibers, long
fused cells containing multiple nuclei
•Fibers are packed together in
bundles by connective tissue and are
packed with myofibrils
•Myofibrils are made up of proteins
called myosin and actin, and they
slide across each other causing the
muscle to contract