Transcript evolution clicker review r-g

EVOLUTION CLICKER
REVIEW
CHAPTERS 14, 15, 16
WHICH SCIENTIST USED ROTTING MEAT TO
DISPROVE SPONTANEOUS GENERATION?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Spallanzani
Redi
Pasteur
Oparin
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DID NOT EXIST
IN THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Oxygen
Ammonia
Water vapor
Methane
Hydrogen
20%
1
20%
20%
2
3
20%
4
20%
5
IF THE HALF-LIFE OF A RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IS
5, 000 YEARS, THEN HOW MUCH OF A SUBSTANCE
WILL REMAIN AFTER 3 HALF-LIVES?
1.
2.
3.
4.
½
¼
1/8
1/16
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
HOW OLD IS THE MATERIAL(HALF-LIFE IS STILL
5, 000 YEARS) IF IT CONTAINS 1/16 OF ITS
ORIGINAL MATERIAL?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5, 000 years
10,000 years
15,000 years
20,000 years
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
WHAT DID CRITICS CLAIM CAUSED LIFE TO
FORM ONCE REDI DISPROVED SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sunlight
Air
Vital force
Dust particles
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
WHAT DID PASTEUR USE TO DISPROVE THE
IDEA OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION?
1.
2.
3.
A container made of
something other
than glass
Curved shaped flask
to collect the dust
particles but keep
He covered the
container so no light
would penetrate the
broth
33%
1
33%
2
33%
3
A RIBOZYME IS A/AN
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ribosome
RNA molecule
Enzyme
Sugar
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
THE FIRST CELLS ARE THOUGHT TO HAVE
RESEMBLED MODERN
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mitochondria
Animal cells
Archaebacteria
Plant cells
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
REDI PLACED MEAT IN THE CONTROL
CONTAINERS AND COVERED THEM AND PUT
MEAT IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTAINERS AND
LEFT THEM UNCOVERED; HE THEN OBSERVED
THEM FOR MAGGOT GROWTH
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
WHAT GAS PROTECTS THE EARTH FROM
THE SUN’S HARMFUL RAYS?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Oxygen
Ozone
Carbon dioxide
Water vapor
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
MANY SCIENTISTS THINK THAT THE FIRST
AEROBIC PROKARYOTES INVADED LARGER
CELLS AND EVENTUALLY GAVE RISE TO THE
CHLOROPLAST
50%
1.
2.
50%
True
False
1
2
THE FIRST PROKARYOTES OBTAINED THEIR
FOOD THROUGH INORGANIC MOLECULES
SYNTHESIZED INTO ORGANIC MOLECULES
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
THE FIRST CELLS WERE MOST LIKELY
HETEROTROPHIC PROKARYOTES.
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
FOX CREATED SPHERICAL SHAPED
STRUCTURES CALLED COACERVATES THAT
WERE COMPOSED OF PROTEINS THAT
COULD BUD TO FORM MORE LIKE ITSELF
50%
1.
2.
50%
True
False
1
2
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES, DNA SIMILARITIES,
AND EMBRYOLOGICAL SIMILARITIES SUGGEST
THAT
1.
2.
3.
4.
We lived at different times
We came from a common
ancestor
We evolved from proto cells
We are becoming simpler
organisms
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
ORGANS WITH NO APPARENT FUNCTION
ARE CALLED
1.
2.
3.
Analogous
structures
Homologous
structures
Vestigial
structures
33%
1
33%
2
33%
3
INHERITED TRAITS THAT GIVE AN ORGANISM AN
ADVANTAGE TO SURVIVAL ARE CALLED
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lethal mutations
Acquired traits
Adaptations
Oncogenes
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
ADAPTIVE RADIATION IS AN EXAMPLE OF
DIVERGENT EVOLUTION (DARWIN’S FINCHES)
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
A MAJOR FACTOR INFLUENCING
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION IS
1.
2.
3.
4.
A common gene pool 25%
Adaptation to similar
environments
Similar ancestry
Belonging to the same
genus
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
WHICH ANSWER BEST REPRESENTS THIS STATEMENT:
THAT ORGANISMS DO NOT CHANGE IN ORDER TO
SURVIVE, THAT THE ENVIRONMENT DETERMINES
WHICH ORGANISMS SURVIVE. 25%
25%
25%
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
The theory of
acquired traits
Lamark’s ideas
the idea that the
fossil record is
false
Darwin’s ideas
1
2
3
4
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT PART OF
DARWIN’S THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Variation
Struggle for
existence
Use or disuse of
organs
overproduction
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
MOST FOSSILS ARE FOUND IN IGNEOUS
ROCK
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
THE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION STATES THAT THE
YOUNGER FOSSILS ARE FOUND DEEPER IN THE
ROCK LAYER.
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
THE VARIATIONS NEEDED FOR SPECIES TO
ADAPT TO A NEW ENVIRONMENT ARE CAUSED
BY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Casts
Gradual changes
Punctuated
changes
Mutations
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
WHICH SCIENTIST BELIEVED THAT CHANGES IN
LIMB STRUCTURE ARE DUE TO MUTATION AND
GENETIC RECOMBINATION?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Darwin
Lamark
Both Darwin and
Lamark
Neither Darwin
nor Lamark
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
WHICH SCIENTISTS WOULD HAVE BELIEVED THAT
WINGS ARE AN ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTIC?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Darwin
Lamark
Both Darwin and
Lamark
Neither Darwin
nor Lamark
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
THE FLYING SQUIRREL OF NORTH AMERICA CLOSELY
RESEMBLES THE FLYING PHALANGER OF AUSTRALIA.
THEY ARE SIMILAR IN SIZE, STRUCTURE, AND PHYSICAL
APPEARANCE. THE SQUIRREL IS A MAMMAL WHILE THE
PHALANGER IS A MARSUPIAL. THEY ARE GENETICALLY
AND GEOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATED BY A GREAT
DISTANCE, WHICH CAN BE BEST EXPLAINED BY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Convergent evolution
25%
Divergent evolution
Spontaneous
generation
Vestigial structures
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
WHICH TYPE OF SELECTION WILL OCCUR WHEN
INDIVIDUALS WITH THE MOST FAVORABLE VARIATIONS
SURVIVE AND PASS THEM ON TO OFFSPRING
1.
2.
3.
4.
Directional
Stabilizing
Natural
Disruptive
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
THE TYPE OF SELECTION THAT MAY ELIMINATE
THE INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPE IS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Directional
Polygenic
Stabilizing
Disruptive
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
WHICH COMBINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS IN
A POPULATION WOULD PROVIDE THE GREATEST
POTENTIAL FOR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Small populations and
many mutations
Small populations and few
mutations
Large populations and few
mutations
Large population and
many mutations
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
MIGRATION WILL CHANGE THE
FREQUENCY OF ALLELES IN A POPULATION
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
IF A POPULATION CONTAINS 20/100 BLACK
SQUIRRELS WHICH REPRESENTS THE RECESSIVE
PHENOTYPE, WHAT IS THE FREQUENCY OF THEM IN
THE POPULATION
25%
25%
25%
25%
1. .10
2.
3.
4.
.20
.30
.40
1.
2.
3.
4.
SPECIATION MAY OCCUR WHEN ADAPTIVE
RADIATION OCCURS
1.
2.
True
False
50%
1
50%
2
EVOLUTION THAT OCCURS SLOWLY AND
CONTINUALLY OVER TIME IS CALLED
1.
2.
3.
4.
Directional
Gradualism
Punctuated
Stabilizing
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES A
POPULATION?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dogs and cats in
25%
Crystal Lake, IL
Roses and tulips in a
garden
Dogwood trees in
Middletown,
Connecticut
Four species of fish
living in a pond
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EVOLUTION OCCURS AT AN
IRREGULAR RATE THROUGH GEOLOGIC TIME IS
KNOWN AS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Punctuated
evolution
Directional
equilibrium
Directional
evolution
Genetic
equilibrium
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN
EXAMPLE OF AN ISOLATING MECHANISM?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A river separating
members of a
population
A female frog not
recognizing the males’
crock for reproduction
Finch’s competing for
same seeds
Random mating
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
IN ORDER FOR SPECIATION TO BEGIN,
THERE MUST BE
1.
2.
3.
4.
Continuous
breeding
Geographic
isolation
Convergence
Divergence
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN
EXAMPLE OF STABILIZING SELECTION?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Giraffe neck
length
Acorn size
Anteater’s tongue
length
Human birth
weight
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4