Transcript File

April 12, Week #
12
NB-118
Learning Target: I will
Agenda:
• State the evidence of
evolution
• Explain natural selection,
speciation, and extinction
• Show the relatedness of
organisms on a cladogram
• Grade HW review
• Review for test
• Organize NB
Homework:
• Study for evolution test
• Notebook
Essential Question:
What topic do I need to
study more?
1. The process of how organisms acquire
adaptations over time is called:
a. evolution.
b. natural selection.
c. adaptation.
d. selective breeding.
• a. evolution.
2. The relationship among living species
and their ancestors is shown in:
a. a timeline.
b. an evolutionary diagram.
c. a cladogram.
d. None of the above
• The squirrel and the
kangaroo are the most
related
• The frog and the
squirrel/kangaroo are
least related
2. The relationship among living species
and their ancestors is shown in:
a. a timeline.
b. an evolutionary diagram.
c. a cladogram.
d. None of the above
• c. a cladogram.
3. Scientists have collected many fossils
of horse ancestors. The use of fossils to
trace the evolution of the horse is known
as:
a. comparing embryos.
b. the fossil record.
c. DNA analysis.
d. comparative anatomy.
• b. the fossil record.
4. Which fossil is the
oldest in the drawing to
the right?
a. Fossil A
b. Fossil B
c. Fossil C
d. Fossil D
#1 Fossil Record
Youngest on top
Oldest on bottom
4. Which fossil is the
oldest in the drawing to
the right?
a. Fossil A
b. Fossil B
c. Fossil C
d. Fossil D
• d. Fossil D
5. Scientists believe that the first life
appeared over ____ on Earth in the form
of tiny, single-celled prokaryotes.
a. 460,000 years ago
b. 2 million years ago
c. 4.6 million years ago
d. over 3 billion years ago
• d. over 3 billion years ago
6. Scientists have evidence that ____
first appeared 40,000 years ago.
a. primate ancestors
b. mammals
c. modern humans
d. dinosaurs
• c. modern humans
7. Scientists believe that the earliest cells
on Earth were simple, and that over time,
more complex cells developed from
these simple cells. This describes:
a. evolution.
b. artificial selection.
c. comparing embryos.
d. the fossil record.
• a. evolution.
8. As a populations’ habitat changes over
time, which species would have a better
chance of survival?
a.
A species with a high level of variation
b. A species with a low level of variation
c.
A species that rarely mutates
d. A species that feeds only on one type of
food
• a. A species with a high level of variation
9. The picture shows the
same piece of anatomy for
4 different species. The
structures shown are
referred to as:
a.
homologous
structures.
b. analogous structures.
c.
vertebrates.
d. arms.
• a. homologous
structures.
#3 Homologous and Analogous
Structures:
9. The picture shows the
same piece of anatomy for
4 different species. The
structures shown are
referred to as:
a.
homologous
structures.
b. analogous structures.
c.
vertebrates.
d. arms.
10. Evidence for evolution can be found
in:
a. comparative anatomy.
b. the fossil record.
c. DNA analysis.
d. All of the above
• d. All of the above
11. When studying DNA base sequences of
different species, it is known that species that
share:
a.
fewer similarities are more closely related.
b. fewer similarities have an evolutionary
relationship that is close.
c.
more similarities are more closely related.
d. more similarities are more distantly related.
• c. more similarities are more closely
related.
12. Most fossils are dug from:
a. Earth’s crust.
b. Sedimentary rock layers.
c. Earth’s outermost layer.
d. All of the above
• d. All of the above
13. All of the following are usually required for
fossil formation EXCEPT:
a.
an organism’s body is quickly covered in
sediments.
b. more and more sediments cover the remains
over time.
c.
an organism’s body is slowly covered in
sediments.
d. the chemicals in the body parts are replaced
with rock-like minerals.
• c. an organism’s body is slowly covered
in sediments.
14. Why are cells considered evidence for
evolution?
a.
Cells are not considered to be evidence for
evolution.
b. There are a large variety of cells in
organisms.
c.
There are striking similarities among all cells.
d. All cells are traced back to different origins.
• c. There are striking similarities among
all cells.
15. In the cladogram to the right,
which two species have the
weakest evolutionary
relationship?
a.
Kangaroo and Snake
b. Squirrel and Frog
c.
Squirrel and Kangaroo
d. Squirrel and Snake
• b. Squirrel and
Frog
16. What type of structures are bird
wings and moth wings?
a. Similar structures
b. Homologous structures
c. Ancestral structures
d. Analogous structures
#3 Homologous and Analogous
Structures:
16. What type of structures are bird
wings and moth wings?
a. Similar structures
b. Homologous structures
c. Ancestral structures
d. Analogous structures
• d. Analogous structures
17. Certain lizards have coloring that allows
them to blend into the background of their
environment to hide from predators. This is an
example of a(n):
a.
homologous structure.
b. behavioral characteristic.
c.
adaptation.
d. evolutionary mechanism.
• c. adaptation.
18. The fossil record is incomplete because:
a.
many ancient species did not fossilize.
b. scientists have not devoted effort and
funding for fossil digs.
c.
many fossils are found deep on the
ocean’s floor.
d. All of the above
• a. many ancient species did not fossilize.
19. What did Charles Darwin learn from geologists
that helped develop his theories about evolution?
a.
Artificial selection is the mechanism of
evolution.
b.
Populations must have excess food available.
c.
Earth was formed very slowly over a long
period of time.
d.
Darwin did not believe geologists’ theories.
• c. Earth was formed very slowly over a
long period of time.
20. Another name for selective breeding
is:
a. artificial selection.
b. natural selection.
c. homologous selection.
d. genetic engineering.
• a. artificial selection.
21. Which statement that follows was NOT
part of Darwin’s conclusions?
a.
Organisms change over time
b. Evolution is gradual, taking place over a
long time.
c.
Evolution takes place over a short time.
d. All organisms are descended from
common ancestors by a process of branching.
• c. Evolution takes place over a short
time.
22. What was Thomas Malthus’ argument that
helped support Darwin’s ideas about evolution?
a.
Humans have a tendency to grow faster than
their food supply.
b.
Humans have a tendency to grow slower than
their food supply.
c.
Food supplies have a tendency to grow faster
than human populations.
d.
Overproduction of food causes flourishing
populations.
• a. Humans have a tendency to grow
faster than their food supply.
23. What happens when species produce too
many offspring?
a.
Species share the limited resources.
b. Species eat less so that all can survive.
c.
Only those that are least fit can survive.
d. Only those that are best fit can survive.
• d. Only those that are best fit can
survive.
24. Which statement is true of natural
selection?
a.
It is the same process as artificial
selection.
b. It is the mechanism of evolution.
c.
Animal and plant breeders select desired
traits to produce changes in a species.
d. It is a much shorter process than
artificial selection.
• b. It is the mechanism of evolution.
25. Which of the following is an
example of artificial selection?
a. The loss of the dodo bird
b. The finches of Galapagos
c. The armadillo
d. The breeding of dogs
• d. The breeding of dogs