Transcript 普通生物學上課投影片
103學年度教學觀摩會 副教授 林勇欣 Yeong-Shin Lin 國立交通大學 生物科技學院 生物科技系 / 生物資訊所 近二年(101下~103上)任教之學士班必修課程 當學 學 學 期 年 期 度 課號 課程名稱 開課單 開課對象 修課 助教 平均 位 (系級班別) 人數 人數 102 上 1575 普通生物學（一） 生科系 生科系 (大一) 59 2 4.51 103 上 1552 普通生物學（一） 生科系 生科系 (大一) 67 2 4.47 （一）教學理念與教學準備： 培養學生獨立思考的能力，是我的核心教學理念。 即使在基礎生物學科的領域，亦是如此。 我的課程設計也都是基於此理念而規劃。 What We Can and Cannot Learn from Phylogenetic Trees Let’s summarize three key points about phylogenetic trees 1.They are intended to show patterns of descent, not phenotypic similarity 2.The sequence of branching in a tree does not necessarily indicate the actual (absolute) ages of the particular species 3.We should not assume that a taxon on a phylogenetic tree evolved from the taxon next to it 普通生物學上課投影片 Which is the closest one to lungfish? 普通生物學上課投影片 Did birds evolve from crocodiles? 普通生物學上課投影片 普通生物學上課投影片 What We Can and Cannot Learn from Phylogenetic Trees Let’s summarize three key points about phylogenetic trees 1.They are intended to show patterns of descent, not phenotypic similarity 2.The sequence of branching in a tree does not necessarily indicate the actual (absolute) ages of the particular species 3.We should not assume that a taxon on a phylogenetic tree evolved from the taxon next to it 普通生物學上課投影片 Cytoplasm DNA Ancestral prokaryote Plasma membrane Engulfed aerobic bacterium Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Engulfed photosynthetic bacterium Nuclear envelope Mitochondrion Ancestral heterotrophic eukaryote Mitochondrion Plastid Ancestral photosynthetic eukaryote 普通生物學上課投影片 Inner mitochondrial membrane Protein complex of electron carriers H+ H+ Cyt c IV Q III I II FADH2 FAD NADH (carrying electrons from food) ATP synthase H+ H+ 2 H+ + ½ O2 NAD+ H2O ADP + P i ATP H+ 1 Electron transport chain 2 Chemiosmosis 普通生物學上課投影片 Oxidative phosphorylation 1) 閱讀完英文新聞原稿後，寫下你的心得。(20%) 2) 繼續閱讀NOWnews發的中文新聞稿，寫出閱讀後的心得。(20%) 12 NOVEMBER 2012 Human intelligence 'peaked thousands of years ago and we've been on an intellectual and emotional decline ever since' Is the human species doomed to intellectual decline? Will our intelligence ebb away in centuries to come leaving our descendants incapable of using the technology their ancestors invented? In short: will Homo be left without his sapiens? This is the controversial hypothesis of a leading geneticist who believes that the immense capacity of the human brain to learn new tricks is under attack from an array of genetic mutations that have accumulated since people started living in cities a few thousand years ago. Professor Gerald Crabtree, who heads a genetics laboratory at Stanford University in California, has put forward the iconoclastic idea that rather than getting cleverer, human intelligence peaked several thousand years ago and from then on there has been a slow decline in our intellectual and emotional abilities. 演化生物學期末考卷 演化生物學期末考卷 演化生物學同學答案卷 Selection on heterozygotes fitness A1A1 w11 = 1 + s A1A2 w12 = 1 A2A2 w22 = 1 + t Positive values of the selection coefficients → underdominance Negative values of the selection coefficients → overdominance w22 w12 t pˆ w11 2w12 w22 s t 分子演化上課投影片 分子演化上機實作 分子演化同學作業 （二）教學品質： 教科書所採用的例子，絕大多數都是歐美常見的 生物。但是對於像台灣這樣的亞洲國家學生而言， 這些例子相對的卻十分陌生。 於是我在每年備課的過程中，都會抽出時間，再 去深入探究台灣是否也有類似的例子可以與課本 內容作連結。 Direct Observations of Evolutionary Change Soapberry bugs use their “beak” to feed on seeds located within fruits In southern Florida, the soapberry bug feeds on the seeds of a native plant, the balloon vine In central Florida, however, balloon vines have become rare Instead, soapberry bugs in that region now feed on the seeds of the goldenrain tree, species recently introduced from Asia 普通生物學上課投影片 Direct Observations of Evolutionary Change Soapberry bugs use their “beak” to feed on seeds located within fruits In southern Florida, the soapberry bug feeds on the seeds of a native plant, the balloon vine In central Florida, however, balloon vines have become rare Instead, soapberry bugs in that region now feed on the seeds of the goldenrain tree, species recently introduced from Asia 普通生物學上課投影片 Direct Observations of Evolutionary Change Soapberry bugs use their “beak” to feed on seeds located within fruits In southern Florida, the soapberry bug feeds on the seeds of a native plant, the balloon vine In central Florida, however, balloon vines have become rare Instead, soapberry bugs in that region now feed on the seeds of the goldenrain tree, species recently introduced from Asia 普通生物學上課投影片 Results 10 Number of individuals Field Study Soapberry bug with beak inserted in balloon vine fruit 8 6 4 On native species, balloon vine (southern Florida) Beak 2 0 Average for museum specimens 10 On introduced species, goldenrain tree (central Florida) 8 6 4 2 0 6 7 8 9 Beak length (mm) 10 11 普通生物學上課投影片 Soapberry bugs feed most effectively when their beak length closely matches the depth at which seeds are found within the fruit Goldenrain tree fruit consists of three flat lobes, and its seeds are much closer to the fruit surface than are the seeds of the plump, round fruit of the native balloon vine 普通生物學上課投影片 （二）教學品質： 除了補充圖片之外，很多動物的行為其實需要透 過影片才能更深入了解，而教科書內容大多都是 平面的。隨著Youtube內容發展越來越豐富，在每 年備課的過程中，也有機會找到一些新的影片可 以與同學分享。 演化生物學上課補充影片 演化生物學上課補充影片 演化生物學上課補充影片 演化生物學上課投影片 演化生物學上課補充影片 演化生物學上課補充影片 （三）提升教學知能及參與教學發展品質： 在99學年度曾提供｢分子演化｣的OCW一般課程。 當時為了製備OCW教材，整份投影片都重新製作， 尤其是原本使用的教科書圖片，都全部重新自己 畫過，以避免著作權授權問題。 （四）教學成果： 102 上 1575 普通生物學（一） 生科系 生科系 (大一) 59 2 4.51 教學反應問卷學生建議： 1.完全沒有建議，教得太好了! 2.老師內容豐富，但是可以多一點實際例子 3.老師的認真教學，讓我有種如獲至寶的感覺。 4.老師上課講解很清楚，內容豐富充實，很可惜時間不太夠不能講更多東 西，很有收穫的課!:D 5.我覺得老師人很好，教課很認真。感恩老師~ 6.老師把艱難的課本內容講解得很清楚，受益良多! 7.希望上課速度能夠放慢 8.給些講義 9.很感謝老師的細心教導 （四）教學成果： 103 上 1552 普通生物學（一） 生科系 生科系 (大一) 67 2 4.47 教學反應問卷學生建議： 1.希望教授說話的速度放慢一些些,也希望能先將投影片放在平台,謝謝! 2.我覺得老師上課非常好，希望交大能有更多像你這樣的老師 3.good 4.覺得老師上課超棒雖然偶爾會不小心睡著但感覺的到老師的熱忱讓這堂 課上起來不枯燥 5.老師好認真 6.說得很細 有點快但可以接受 很不錯 7.不時出個作業有幫助學習的效果很不錯 8.老師上課很認真 9.希望老師能說明一些比較難懂的名詞 10.老師上課很有活力 分子演化同學作業 分子演化同學作業 分子演化同學作業