Transcript AP Biology Discussion Notes

AP Biology Discussion Notes
Tuesday 11/04/2014
Goals our UNIT
1. Learn about the Theory of Evolution and
evidence that is used to support this
theory
2. Understand the development of this
theory in the context of a historical
timeline
3. Develop critical thinking skills that help us
examine evidence for ALL theories.
Question of the Day
• What are the 3 parts of the model
we used Monday to create a
scientific explanation.
•
The Theory of Evolution
It is NOT my goal to change what you
believe about this topic!
– I respect your individual beliefs and opinions
• On the AP Biology test you will need to be
able to explain evolutionary patterns and be
able to come up with scientific explanations
using the theory of evolution. It IS my goal to
help you be able to do that!
Goals for the Chapter
1. Learn about the Theory of Evolution and
evidence that is used to support this
theory
2. Understand the development of this
theory in the context of a historical
timeline
3. Develop critical thinking skills that help us
examine evidence for ALL theories.
Two Requests:
• Keep an open mind about the content that
is presented
• If you have questions:
ASK THEM!
Things we think of when we
think of Evolution……..
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Adam & Eve
•
Apes
•
Cavemen
•
Jurassic Park •
dinosaurs
•
planets
big bang theory
mammoth
ice age
lies
opposing
theories
Creationism
• debates
• difficult to prove
• monkey-man
theory
• goes against
many religions
• intelligent
design
Questions We Have………
Questions We Have………
• What other scientists helped with this
theory?
Does evolution suggest that
humans descend from monkeys?
• NO!
• this is not what the theory of evolution suggests!
Scientific Theory
• Theory – A set of related hypotheses that
have been tested and confirmed many
times by many scientists.
• They allow us to explain and predict.
Evolution as a Theory
• A theory is a set of related principles
based on observations that are in turn
used to explain additional observations.
They allow us to explain and predict.
• A good theory is:
– Accurate
– Coherent
– Flexible
– Explanatory
Definition of Evolution
• Evolve – to develop gradually.
• Evolution- a process of gradual,
progressive change
• Theory of biological evolution:
addresses how species change
over time
Historical Context for Evolutionary Theory
• The idea that life evolves was first
proposed by Lucretius 2,000 years before
the modern theory of evolution
• So why was such an old idea
So controversial?
Historical Context for
Evolutionary Theory
Science Before Darwin
• Most people believed that each species
was a divine creation that exists,
unchanging, as it was originally created.
• Natural Theology
• Carolus Linnaeus
– Father of “Taxonomy”
• “Scale of Nature”
– Species are permanent, and do not evolve
Fossils of trilobites, animals that lived in the seas hundreds of millions of years ago
Historical Context continued
• Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
– Paleontologist
• Catastrophism - vast geological
changes in the earth's history were
caused by catastrophes (rather than
gradual evolutionary processes).
–Extinctions
–Fossil Record
Figure 22.4 Strata of sedimentary rock at the Grand Canyon
Historical Context continued
• Uniformitarianism
– Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
• That processes that operated past are not
different from those observed now.
• James Hutton – Gradualism:
– Minor changes over long periods of time add
up to substantial change.
–Old Earth
Figure 22.4 Strata of sedimentary rock at the Grand Canyon
Historical Context continued
• Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
– Paleontologist
• Catastrophism - vast geological
changes in the earth's history were
caused by catastrophes (rather than
gradual evolutionary processes).
–Extinctions
–Fossil Record
Lamarckian Evolution
• First testable theory of
Evolution (1809)
• Use & Disuse
– Blacksmith
• Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics
– Giraffe
Lamarckian Evolution
• First testable theory of
Evolution (1809)
• Change in species is
linked to an organism’s
environment.
Figure 22.1 The historical context of Darwin’s life and ideas
Historical Context cont….
• Thomas Malthus
– British Economist
• Competition for Resources -1798
– Humans could reproduce faster than
economy could support
Darwin’s Influences
• Extinction
• Gradual Change
• Old Earth
• Adaptation to Environment
• Competition for Resources
C-E-R
What is on the bottom of the CUBE?
What is on the bottom of the CUBE?
What is on the bottom of the CUBE?
What is on the bottom of the CUBE?
What would you do/say if I had told you
that I thought the bottom of the names
cube should be this?
J
Carlos
6
What would you do/say if I had told you
that I thought the bottom of the names
cube should be this?
6
CARLA
4
Let’s analyze a claim…..
Lewis Pharmacy……..
More than half your neighbors use
Lewis Pharmacy
Evaluate this statement using CER, ask
questions (what would you want to
know), and say whether this is a good
scientific statement.