Transcript The Organization of Life

October 2, 2012
 Objective: Students will understand and compare
abiotic and biotic factors; define and contrast
population and species
 Do Now:
Have Ch 4 Vocab out to be checked
Define and identify biotic and abiotic factors
HW:
work on Chapter 4 Packet
Ch 4 Vocab Quiz – Friday Oct. 5
The Organization of Life
Chapter 4
Ecosystem
 Definition: All the organisms living in an
area together along with their physical
environment
 All ecosystems are connected – both living and
non-living things move from one to another
Basic Components of an Ecosystem
 Basic Components
 Energy (mostly from the sun)
 Minerals
 Carbon dioxide
 Water
 Oxygen
 Organisms
 Made up of biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors
(non-living things)
Levels of Organization of an Ecosystem
 Biosphere > ecosystems > community > population >
species > organisms
 Organism is an individual living thing
 Species a group of organisms with similar
characteristics that can mate to produce fertile
offspring
 Population is members of the same species that live in
the same place at the same time
 Community is a group of various species that live in the
same area and interact with each other, made up only of
biotic components.
 Habitat – a place an organism lives
 Has specific biotic and abiotic factors needed by the
organisms that live there.
Levels of Ecological
Organization
October 3, 2012
 Objective: SWBAT describe and summarize
evolution by natural selection
 Do Now:

Work on Map Skills page in Ch 4 Packet
 Read over video question sheet
Video – Evolution: Darwin’s Dangerous Idea
October 8, 2012
Objective: SWBAT compare and contrast evolution
by natural selection and evolution by artificial
selection; explain concept of adaptation
Do Now:
In your own words, explain:
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Adaptation  give examples
Evolution
 Evolution: a change in the genetic characteristics of a
population from one generation to the next.
 Theory of Evolution – Darwin  Natural Selection
 Natural Selection – “Survival of the fittest”
the environment selects which traits make individuals more
suited to survive and those individuals will live and
reproduce longer – the “fittest” or “strongest” survives
 Over very long period of time and many
generations, the characteristics of the population
change based on the environment
 Table 1, page 104
 Figure 8, page 105
Table 1 p. 104 ***Don’t copy
Premises of Natural Selection
1. Individuals in a population vary in each generation
2. Some of these variations are genetic, or inherited
3. More individuals are produces than live to grow up
and reproduce
4. Individuals with some genes are more likely to
survive and reproduce than individuals with other
genes
Nature Selects
Table 1 p. 104 *** Don’t copy
Conclusion
 Based on the 4 premises, individuals with
genetic traits that make them more likely to
grow up and reproduce in the existing
environment will become more common in
the population from one generation to the
next.
 Coevolution – the process of two species evolving
based on long term interactions between them
 “evolution together”
Ex. Bird beak and flower
 Artificial Selection – humans select which organism
will breed with each other based on desired
characteristics – selective breeding
Ex. Dogs, plants
Evolution of Resistance
 Humans can cause populations to evolve unwanted
adaptations
 Resistance – ability of one organism to tolerate a
chemical meant to harm or kill it
 Insects resistant to pesticides
 Bacteria resistant to antibiotics
 See Figure 11, page 107
Pesticide Resistance
October 9, 2012
Objective: SWBAT categorize living things based on their
characteristics.
Do Now:
Name the 6 kingdoms that we use to classify living things.
HW: Completed Chapter 4 packet due tomorrow 10/10
Ch 4 Test is Friday 10/12
Kingdoms of Life…
 All living things are classified into 6 kingdoms
based on their characteristics
 Archaebacteria –
 Single celled (unicellular)
 No nucleus (prokaryotic)
 Reproduce by simply dividing (asexually – binary
Fission)
 Often found in harsh environments (extreme
temperatures, high or low pH, high level of salt)
 Ex. Methanogen, thermophiles
 Eubacteria
 Single celled (unicellular)
 No nucleus (prokaryotic)
 Reproduce asexually using binary Fission
 Found everywhere, some cause disease
 Breakdown dead organisms
(decomposers)
 Ex. Staph, strep, E. Coli, MRSA
 Protists
 Mostly single celled (unicellular)
 Nucleus (eukaryotic)
 Most live in water
 This is a “catch-all category”
 Ex. Diatoms, dinoflagellates
 Fungi
 Can be single or multicellular
 Have a Nucleus (eukaryotic)
 Absorb food through their body surface
 Have cell walls
 Most live on land
 Breakdown dead organisms (decomposers)
 Ex. Mushrooms, molds, and yeast
 Plants
 Multicellular (Many celled)
 Eukaryotic (Have Nucleus)
 Cell wall
 Make their own food by photosynthesis
 Divided into three groups
lower plants no seeds or vascular tissue
gymnosperms needle like leaves and seeds
angiosperms flowering plants with seeds in fruit
 Ex. Trees, ferns, roses
 Animals Ex. Humans, lions, snakes
 Multicellular
 Eukaryotic
 NO cell walls
 Ingest food and digest it internally
 Live on both land and in water
 Divided into 2 groups
Invertebrates - no backbone (lobsters)
Vertebrates – backbone (fish, birds, reptiles)