Transcript The slow, gradual change in a species is called ___Evolution_____

1. The slow, gradual change in a
Evolution
species is called ________
2. What is biodiversity?
Variety of living organisms in an area
3. What are Homologous structures?
Structures that look the same but serve
very different functions, Ex. Forllimbs of
different species
4. What was Lamarck’s Theory and
why was he incorrect?
The theory of inheritance of acquired
traits, acquired traits like large muscles
cannot be passed on to offspring.
5. What is Artificial Selection? Give an
example.
When humans interfere and breed animals
for desired traits like increased milk
production or dog breeding.
Breeding Labradors
6. What is natural selection? Who
proposed Evolution through natural
selection?
is the process by which organisms with
favorable traits survive and reproduce
more successfully than organisms that do
not. Charles Darwin Proposed Evolution
through Natural Selection.
7. Give an example of natural selection
in action.
In a population of dogs some have short
hair and other long hair and temperature
drops, the long haired ones will survive
longer and pass on their genes while the
short hair ones die off.
8. Why might one variation have a
selective advantage over another
variation?
Environment might favor one and be
against the other. Predators might see one
color over another and keep attacking
them, food scarcity or proximity might also
dictate which members eat better or get
more food.
9. What is survival of the fittest?
Describes the idea that there is, in nature,
competition to survive and reproduce. It is
a struggle for existence.
10. What is disruptive selection?
Disruptive selection favors both extremes
while selecting against the average or “inbetween” individuals
11. What is directional selection?
Directional favors only one extreme while
selecting against the other extreme and
the average individuals. Example:
Peppered Moth
12. What is convergent evolution? Give an
example
When environment dictates the evolution
of similar structures that have similar
functions from different, un-related
species. Wings of a bat, bird, or a
dragonfly. All have same function and
shape, but formed in obviously different
organisms.
13. What is divergent evolution? Give
an example
One species gives rise to many species
over time. These new species can trace
origin back to a common ancestor.
Example: Darwin’s Finches or the tortoises
he studied.
14. What are vestigial organs? Give at
least 3 examples.
Organs/Structures that have no apparent
function or benefit for the organism.
Examples: Wisdom teeth, wings in an
ostrich, tail bone in humans, eyes for blind
cave fish.
15. According to evolutionists, what
factor from contributes to the most
genetic variation in an organism?
Mutations.
16. What is speciation? Give an
example.
Evolution of a new species because of
geographic, reproductive isolation, or a
change in the number of chromosomes.
Ex. Polyploidy in some species of plants,
Abert squirrels separated by Grand
Canyon.
17. What species of animal did Darwin
focus a lot of his attention on in the
Galapagos?
Finches and tortoises
18. What is adaptive radiation?
When a population or a species evolves to
fill in niches that were previously
unoccupied. Darwin’s finches filled in the
gaps of eating insects, nectar, hard nuts,
etc. in order to maximize food
consumption for energy and therefore
developed beaks. Beaks are homologous in
structure and function.
19. What is a mutation? How does it
contribute to adaptation or evolution?
Any change in the normal DNA sequence,
mutations can give rise to new structures,
behaviors, internal processes that might
present as an adaptation and make an
individual more fit or suited to survive in
an environment
20. If you found two fossils in two
different layers of sedimentary rock
stacked on each other? How would
you know which one is older? How can
you know for sure?
The fossil from the deeper layer would be
older because that layer of rock had to be
laid there first before the other layer.
21. According to evolutionists, what
type of cell is believed to be the first
on earth and the one that gave rise to
all other life?
Prokaryotes (bacteria, single-celled)
22. Two characteristics that help
organisms remain “fit” are mimicry and
camouflage.
a. What is mimicry?
Looking similar to other species to ward
off predators
b. What is camouflage?
Blending in with surrounding environment
to escape capture or being preyed upon.
23. Natural selection occurs at which
level?
Individual or population
24. The following animals in the
diagram below are similar; this would
be an example of what type of
evolution.
Convergent Evolution
25. The following animals in the
diagram below are similar; this would
be an example of what type of
evolution.
Divergent Evolution
26. Adaptive radiation is associated
with which type of evolution?
Divergent
27. Put the fossils the diagram in order
of youngest to oldest.
8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
28. What key concept of evolution is
represented in the diagram to the
right?
Homologous Structures and divergent evolution
29. Using evidence of evolution, please answer the
following questions using the choices provided.
• A. Homologous Structure
• B. Analogous Structure
• C. Vestigial Structure
• D. Molecular/Biochemical Evidence
• E. Fossil Evidence
• F. Embryological Evidence
• G. Biogeographical Evidence
Using your evidence of evolution charts, please
answer the following questions using the
choices provided.
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29. A modified structure seen among different groups of descendants. _____A______
30. In the earliest stages of development, a tail and gill slits can be seen in rabbits, fish, birds and
humans. ___F___
31. Exemplified by forelimbs of bats, penguins, lizards, and monkeys. ____A_____
32. The forelimbs of flightless birds. _____C______
33. DNA and RNA comparisons may lead to evolutionary trees or cladograms. ____D______
34. Bird and Butterfly wings have same function but different structures. _____B______
35. A body structure no longer used but may have had a function in an early ancestor.
____C_______
36. Structure associated with divergent evolution. _______A_________
37. Structure associated with convergent evolution. ______B_________
38. Geographic Isolation would fit into this category. _____G_________