Transcript human body systems

11/12/08
AIM: What are the roles of the different human body systems?
Do Now: What do our bodies naturally do when they are cold? When they
are hot? Why do you think these reactions occur?
Agenda:
• Do Now/Announcements
• Homeostasis and Human Body Systems
HW: None.
Tutoring TODAY!
Turn in Projects!
Progress Reports on Friday!
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This Week’s Agenda
Week #11: 11/12 - 11/14
Today
Introduction to Homeostasis
Human Body Systems
Thursday
Human Body Systems, cont’d
Friday
Disease: Failure to Maintain Homeostasis
Unit 3: Homeostasis
How are we “built” to stay healthy?
Body Systems
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis = keeping the inside of our bodies stable, even when our
external environment changes
We maintain homeostasis on many levels:
cell
tissue
organ
body system
organism
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Levels of Organization
Tissue
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Today’s Assignment
11/13/08
AIM: What are the roles of the different human body systems?
Do Now: What do we mean when we say our bodies maintain “homeostasis”?
Give one example of how our bodies do this.
Agenda:
• Do Now/Announcements
• Homeostasis and Human Body Systems, cont’d
• Go over Unit Test #2
HW: None
Homeostasis
Homeostasis = keeping the inside of our bodies stable, even when our
external environment changes
We maintain homeostasis on many levels:
cell
tissue
organ
body system
organism
Body Systems
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9
1. Skeletal System
2. Muscular System
3. Nervous System
4. Endocrine System
5. Circulatory System
6. Respiratory System
7. Digestive System
8. Reproductive System
9. Excretory (Urinary) System
Unit Test #2
3. The teeth of carnivores are pointed and are good for
puncturing and ripping flesh. The teeth of herbivores are
flat and are good for grinding and chewing. Which
statement best explains these observations?
(1)
Herbivores have evolved from carnivores.
(2)
Carnivores have evolved from herbivores.
(3)
The two types of teeth most likely evolved
as a result of natural selection.
(4)
The two types of teeth most likely evolved
as a result of the needs of an organism.
4. Thousands of years ago, giraffes with short necks were
common within giraffe populations. Nearly all giraffe
populations today have long necks. This difference could
be due to
(1) giraffes stretching their necks to keep their
heads out of reach of predators
(2) giraffes stretching their necks so they could
reach food higher in the trees
(3) natural selection, where giraffes born with
longer necks were able to survive and
reproduce best
(4) growth hormones
5. A new chemical was discovered and introduced into a
culture containing one species of bacteria. Within a day,
most of the bacteria were dead, but a few remained
alive. Which statement best explains why some of the
bacteria survived?
(1) Due to natural variation, some bacteria
had a natural resistance to the chemical.
(2) They were exposed to the chemical long
enough to develop resistance to it.
(3) They became a different species after
exposure to the chemical.
(4) They absorbed the chemical and broke it
down in their digestive systems.
6. Which factor could be the cause of the other three in an
animal species?
(1) the inability of the species to adapt to changes
(2) a lack of natural variation in the species
(3) extinction of the species
(4) a decrease in the survival rate of the species
7. Which statement describing a cause of extinction
includes the other three?
(1)
Members of the extinct species were unable
to compete for food.
(2)
Members of the extinct species were unable
to conceal their presence by camouflage.
(3)
Members of the extinct species lacked
adaptations essential for survival.
(4)
Members of the extinct species were too
slow to escape from predators.
8. Which factor contributed most to the extinction of many
species?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
changes in the environment
lethal mutations
inability to evolve into simple organisms
changes in migration patterns
9. Which population of organisms would be in greatest
danger of becoming extinct?
(1)
A population of organisms having few
variations living in a stable environment.
(2)
A population of organisms having few
variations living in an unstable environment.
(3)
A population of organisms having many
variations living in a stable environment.
(4)
A population of organisms having many
variations living in an unstable environment.
11. Natural selection and its evolutionary consequences
provide a scientific explanation for each of the following
except
(1)
the fossil record
(2)
protein and DNA similarities between
different organisms.
(3)
similar structures among different
organisms
(4)
a stable physical environment
16. The 14 varieties of finches are mostly likely the
result of
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
absence of biodiversity
biological evolution
asexual reproduction
lack of competition
17. The different beak structures mentioned in the last
sentence were most likely influenced by
(1)
selection for favorable variations
(2)
environmental conditions identical to
those of the common ancestor
(3)
abnormal mitotic cell division
(4)
characteristics that are acquired during
the bird’s lifetime
18. Which factor is least likely to contribute to an increase
in the rate of evolution?
(1) presence of genetic variations in a population
(2) environmental selection of organisms best
adapted to survive
(3) Competition
(4) a long period of environmental stability, when
there are no changes to the environment
19. The Florida panther, a member of the cat family, has a
population of fewer than 100 individuals and has limited
genetic variation. Which inference based on this
information is valid?
(1) These animals will begin to evolve rapidly.
(2) Over time, these animals will become less
likely to survive in a changing environment.
(3) These animals are easily able to adapt to the
environment.
(4) Over time, these animals will become more
likely to be resistant to disease.
21. An elephant has a genetic trait that gives it much
better hearing than other elephants of the same
species in the same area. Explain how this could
lead to evolutionary change within this species of
elephant over a long period of time. In your answer,
be sure to include an explanation of:
•
•
•
•
competition within the elephant population
survival of various individuals within the population
how the frequency of the better-hearing trait would
be expected to change over time within the
population
what would most likely happen to the elephants
having the better-hearing trait if they also had
unusually weak eyesight.
11/13/08
AIM: What are the roles of the different human body systems?
Do Now: Name ONE body system you learned about yesterday, and
describe one of its functions.
Agenda:
• Do Now/Announcements
• Homeostasis and Human Body Systems, cont’d
HW:
11/14/08
AIM: What happens when your body fails to maintain homeostasis?
Do Now: Predict one effect on your body that you might observe if your
digestive system was not functioning (working) properly.
Agenda:
• Do Now/Announcements
• Homeostasis and Disease
HW:
Disease
Diseases occur when one or more of your body systems
malfunctions (stops working properly), and becomes
unable to maintain homeostasis in your bodies.
Article: Prader-Willi Syndrome
How does Prader-Willi syndrome affect homeostasis?
Discussion Questions
• What is the body’s normal response to eating?
• What is wrong with Prader-Willi patients?
Disease
Body Systems
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2) Hypertension
Which body system is malfunctioning?
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3) Asthma
Which body system is malfunctioning?
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4) Diabetes
Which body system is malfunctioning?
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5) Lactose Intolerance
Which body system is malfunctioning?
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6) Kidney Stones
Which body system is malfunctioning?
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