Transcript inherit acquired traits ,become more complex and perfect

Who was
Charles Darwin?
Who was Charles Darwin? A naturalist/scientist
Charles Darwin was born in England in 1809.
In 1831 Charles Darwin left England. He sailed around the
world for 5 years on the ship H.M.S. Beagle.
This is the route the ship sailed.
Darwin visited many countries.
He saw animals he had never seen before.
He wrote observations and collected animals.
4. Age of the Planet
• Most thought the Earth and all life forms had
existed for only a few thousand years
5. What did people think
about animals?
inherit acquired traits ,become more complex and
perfect over time- Lamarck (1809)
•Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809)was one of first
scientists to propose a mechanism for evolutioninheritance of acquired traits (organisms adapt to their
environments toward complexity and perfection)
• ideas were flawed BUT he’s credited for developing a
scientific hypothesis for evolution
6. What did people think about human
beings?
Population growth  less
food/resources –Malthus
(1798)
• Thomas Malthus (1798)-economist studied human
population growth
• human population kept growing at current rate result insufficient living space and food
• resources are limited
• Famine, disease and war prevents population
growth
Darwin also visited the Galapagos Islands, 1000 km west of
Ecuador.
He saw this Giant Tortoise on Espanola/Hood
island.
He saw this Giant Tortoise on the Pinta island.
He saw this Giant Tortoise on Isabela island.
What was different about each of these Giant
Tortoises? The neck length.
Plant height is different.
Espanola = tall plants, Isabela = short plants,
Pinta =medium plants.
10.5) Darwin brought books to read on his trip. He read
that the Earth was much older than three thousand years
old. James Hutton (1785) wrote the Earth is many millions
of years old.
11) One book he read was called Principles of Geology,
by Charles Lyell. Lyell wrote that the Earth has
changed over time. He also said that there used to be
water where now there is land.
How did Lyell know?
Lyell looked at Fossils.
A fossil is a rock or shell that shows an organism
from a long time ago.
He found some fossils of fish in mountains far
away from the ocean. He also found fossils of
animals that don’t exist anymore.
• Darwin thought about all these ideas for 25 years.
• He thought about animals competing for food, water
and living space.
• Some animals lose and die.
• Some animals win and survive.
• These animals have babies.
• The babies have the same traits as their parents, and
are more likely to survive as well.
15-16) In 1859 Darwin published On the Origin of
Species.
He wrote that an animal will survive if it can live well in
its environment.
17) Darwin called the ability of an animal to survive
and reproduce in its environment “fitness.”
18) Animals that are more “fit” will survive and
reproduce. Darwin called this “survival of the fittest”.
19) “Survival of the fittest” is natural selection, because
the conditions of the environment select who survives.
ADD #20 and #21
20. Darwin based his ideas on observations of
farmers’ selective breeding of certain animals
and plants to get desired traits, what he called
“Artificial Selection.”
21. This led to the Theory of Evolution, which
states that populations of species change over
time.
Land controlled by England, in late 1800’s