Transcript Chapter 13 - Review

Chapter 13 - Review
Evolution: Evidence of
Change
Charles Page High School
Dr. Stephen L. Cotton
Chapter 13 - Review
What
does potassium-40
ultimately decay into argon-40.
Fossil trees are petrified when
the wood is replaced with rock.
Later stages of embryos of
related organisms begin to show
marked differences because of
mutations.
Chapter 13 - Review
Scientists
estimate that the
number of species alive today is
about 0.1%.
A series of fossils shows the
development of the horse over a
period of Epoch.
Chapter 13 - Review
 What
evidence suggests that the
deserts of the American southwest
were once covered by seas? Shark
Teeth
 What is the longest period of time in
the geologic time scale?
Precambrian
 Carbon-14 will change into
nitrogen-14.
Chapter 13 - Review
 Where
is the best place to search for
fossils?
Sedimentary Rock
 Darwin called the combination of
physical traits and behaviors that help
organisms survive and reproduce
fitness.
 In a rock column, the fossils in the upper
layers must be youngest.
Chapter 13 - Review
 Uranium-238
will decay into lead-206.
 All the fossils that have been collected
around the world make up the fossil
record.
 The early stages of embryonic
development remain unchanged
because the mutations that develop in
these stages are homologous structures.
Chapter 13 - Review
The
energy-storing compound
found in all living things is ATP.
The long, slow process of
change in species over time is
called evolution.
Which is least closely related?
Radioactive element; stable
element; radioactive decay
Chapter 13 - Review
According
to Darwin, any
inherited characteristic that
increases an organism’s fitness
for survival is a(n) adaptation.
Scientists who specialize in the
study of rocks and changes in
the earth are called
paleontologist.
Chapter 13 - Review
Scientists
would be very
surprised if they found a
complete fossil.
Scientists do not expect to find
large animal fossils in amber.
Radioactive dating is an
example of absolute dating.
Chapter 13 - Review
 How
did Darwin explain the similarity of
structure among living organisms?
Common ancestor
 The wings of a bird and the front legs of
a dog are called homologous structures.
 A scientist has the best chance of finding
fossil impressions of the soft parts of
organisms in rock.
Chapter 13 - Review
In
humans, muscles that move
the ears are vestigial organs.
Can evolutionary changes
involve the modification of
primitive limbs into tails? no
The presence of 4 tiny leg bones
in pythons is evidence that
snakes evolved from four legged
ancestor.
Chapter 13 - Review
According
to Darwin, the long
neck and legs of the giraffe
would be called adaptations.
Which of the following did not
influence Darwin? The work of
Lyell; the nature of DNA; his
collection of specimens; his trip
on the H.M.S. Beagle
Chapter 13 - Review
As
sediment piles up under
water, pressure compresses the
sediment into rock
According to Darwin, fitness
arises through the process of
adaptations
Scientists believe that of all
species ever alive, 99.9% are
now extinct
Chapter 13 - Review
 Darwin
argued that if you look far
enough back in time, you will see that
all species have a common descent.
 To determine the age of the oldest
rocks, geologists use what
radioactive material? Uranium-238 &
Potassium-40.
 What would it mean if marine fossils
were found in a mountain? There
was once an ocean present there.
Chapter 13 - Review
Giant
fossils ferns in Canada is
interpreted to mean Canada was
once a forest.
The sea floor can be pushed up
into mountains by forces upon
the Earth
Is the DNA of eukaryotic
organisms totally unique in
structure? NO
Chapter 13 - Review
In
the past, how did people
explain major geologic features
of the Earth? religion