Transcript Changing/Conflicting Attitudes

Brief Response
• How did industrialization bring about social change, especially in
cities? Cite two good examples.
• More jobs
• New life opportunities
• Urban renewal
• Sanitation
• Entertainment
• Slum conditions
• Higher crime rates
• Better diets
• Better health
Changing/Conflicting Attitudes
p. 210
More Change
• As societies changed, individual and
group attitudes and values changed.
• Traditional ideas were challenged and
some dropped.
• Fads and trendy ideas, were tried.
Cult of domesticity: *
• the ideal woman was the woman who stayed in
and managed the home.
• Modeled in songs, novels, magazines, slogans
“home, sweet home!”
• Middle and upper class practice.
Temperance Movement
• Effort led mostly by American women for a
national ban of drinking alcohol.
• EC: Reasons (2)
• Male drunken violence against women and
children
• Loss of family income and jobs due to
drunkenness.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton:
• in mid 1840s, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott,
and she were leaders in
– the movement to abolish US slavery
– the gaining of women’s rights.
Women’s suffrage:
• movement to gain right to vote for women
• US: Seneca Falls Convention—women and
men declare effort to gain women’s suffrage.
• Similar movements sprang up in Britain and part
of Europe.
Sojourner Truth:
• African-American woman who spoke out against
– mistreatment of Blacks in America
• also was a proponent of women’s suffrage.
CHEMISTRY
• a Russian chemist, __________,
organized what was being
learned about atoms, into the
“periodic table of elements”.
–It has grown much larger since he
started it.
–Dmitri Mendeleev,
John Dalton:
• English Quaker school teacher who
expanded ancient Greek ideas about
the atom.
• He is considered the pioneer of the
atomic theory:
• All matter is composed of atoms.
• After his work physicists and chemists
pointed their attention at identifying
atoms.
Geology—Earth Science
• ____________ suggested that the
Earth was over a million years old.
• Charles Lyell
• Later research suggests the Earth is
some four and a half billion years old,
but that life three and a half billion
years old.
Charles Darwin:
• British naturalist (biologist).
• 1830s, set sail on a governmentsponsored scientific voyage around
the world.
• In 1859, he published his ideas:
–All forms of life, including humans,
had evolved (changed slowly over
time) into their present state.
Charles Darwin:
•
Adaptation to survive is based on three characteristics
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speed,
strength, and/or
intelligence
Natural Selection:
– A species survival depended on how well it adapted to its surroundings
– Continuity depends on species choices/developments and environmental
choices/development.
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What is the idea behind Darwin’s statement, “survival of the fittest” (2)
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The carrier pigeon
The Dodo
The fittest live on for generations
They often determine if the weaker survive or not.
Carl Sagan, Cosmos– evolution (Honors)
–
What species that you see don’t exist anymore?
Charles Darwin:
• He backed up the evolution theory with the
idea of _________________
• “natural selection”
– Life forms compete with each other for
survival
– Environment affected survival ability
depending on the life forms ability to
adapt (change)
– Successful life forms passed on the new
“traits” to their offspring.
Describe Social Darwinism* (3)
• It is NOT a teaching of Charles
Darwin
• Using Darwin’s theories, racists explain
why certain people are better, superior to
others.
– Use biased or bogus “scientific” studies and
“evidence” to prove it.
– Most of the data was manipulated, racist,
exaggerated, and or false.
Racism:
• belief that one race is superior to another….. “Social
Darwinism” often based on unscientific or manipulated
scientific evidence or theory.
– Used to explain the supremacy of the rich over the poor
– Used to explain the supremacy of Euro-American “Whites” over
the other ethnic groups of the world.
• “Whites” will use racism to justify taking over lands
owned by non-Whites and subjugating the non-Whites to
work for them and buy their products
– imperialism.
Social gospel:
• Western Christian movement
aimed at social work to improve
the lives of those in need, even
non-Westerners
Social gospel:
• Western Christian movement efforts included:
(6)
– Labor unions
– Political parties—promoting reforms in:
• Housing
• Healthcare
• Education
– Charities to help poor and sick
– Schools
– Hospitals
Standards Check, p. 211
• Question:
• Three distinct classes:
– Upper
– Middle
– Lower
Infographic, p. 211
• Questions:
• 1
• Show only acceptable activities for women were
in the home.
• 2
• Similar:
– Women are performing domestic activities
• Different:
– Women shown entertaining and doing everyday
chore.
Primary Source, p. 212
• Question:’
• She believes that an well-rounded
education would
• prepare women for the unexpected
• make them more independent.
Standards Check, p. 212
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Question:
Women were too emotional to vote;
should be protected from politics;
belonged at home, not in public
Political farce
Standards Check, p. 213
• Question:
• Fewer children needed in farms or shops;
• Middle class families could send kids to
school.
Image, p. 213
• Question:
• Girls also being taught science
• Bright, supplied classroom
Infographic, p. 215
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Questions
1
Travel let him study different varieties,
This gave him ideas about survival and
evolution.
• 2
• The isolated species on the Galapagos had to
adapt to the environment.
• The Islands were a natural laboratory.
Standards Check, p. 216
• Question
• Research of Lyell and Darwin challenged
traditional and Biblical views.
Standards Check, p. 216
• Question:
• They worked for reform and social
services
What did Charles Darwin Mean? (4)
• "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence
than does knowledge: it is those who know little,
not those who know much, who so positively
assert that this or that problem will never be
solved by science."
What makes a person “better” than another?
Victorian Thinking v. Modern Thinking
• The 19th century (5)
• Today (5)
What did Charles Darwin Mean? (4)
• "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence
than does knowledge: it is those who know little,
not those who know much, who so positively
assert that this or that problem will never be
solved by science."
• That people who do not know much believe they
know the absolute truth and will create and
believe their own “truth” rather than accept the
real proof found by science/study.
What makes a person “better” than another?
Victorian Thinking v. Modern Thinking
• The 19th century (5)
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Class
Birthright
Birthplace
Race
Religion
• Today (5)
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Income
Popularity
Talent
Experience/cleverness
Beauty
Courage/strength
Race?
family?
Religion?
Location?
Brief Response
• Why are religious fundamentalists against
science in today’s world?