Transcript 2 2 - Cloudfront.net

One Question Quiz
08/19/13
Question 1
Define gene pool.
Question 2
What does the H-W
equilibrium predict?
Question 3
Define fitness.
Question 4
What is differential
reproduction?
Question 5
What is the smallest unit
that can evolve?
Question 6
How do novel traits arise?
Question 7
Why was Lamarck
inaccurate in his concept
of species change?
Question 8
How did the frequency of
the recessive allele in
peppered moths change
during the industrial
revolution?
Question 9
What is the role of the
environment in selection?
Question 10
What does 2pq represent
in the H-W equation?
One Question Quiz
08/21/2013
Question 1
What evidence didn’t Darwin have
available to substantiate his claims of
species change?
Question 2
What is biogeography?
Question 3
Why didn’t Eutherian mammals
overtake Marsupial mammals in
Australia?
Question 4
What changes in horse evolution can be
seen in the fossil record?
Question 5
What do homologous structures
indicate?
Question 6
Provide an example of homology.
Question 7
Provide an example of a vestigial
structure in humans.
Question 8
How do sequenced genomes allow us
to understand evolutionary
relationships?
Question 9
The fin of a baleen whale and a human
hand suggest that whales and humans
shared ____________.
Question 10
2
2
p + 2pq + q = ?
One Question Quiz
08/22/2013
Question 1
What are two types of sexual
selection?
Question 2
In crickets, how did selection
not favor calling?
Question 3
In human height variation,
there is selection for the
average and selection against
extremely all or short heights.
What type of selection is this?
Question 4
Where would sickle cell
anemia be selected for?
Question 5
Natural selection wouldn’t
work without ___________.
Question 6
In crickets, how did selection
favor calling?
Question 7
How is climate change
affecting the flowering of
blueberries?
Question 8
Selection against the average
and for both extremes is
___________ selection.
Question 9
p+q=?
Question 10
Provide an example of
directional selection.
One Question Quiz
08/22/2013
Question 1
What are two types of sexual
selection?
Question 2
In crickets, how did selection
not favor calling?
Question 3
In human height variation,
there is selection for the
average and selection against
extremely all or short heights.
What type of selection is this?
Question 4
Where would sickle cell
anemia be selected for?
Question 5
Natural selection wouldn’t
work without ___________.
Question 6
In crickets, how did selection
favor calling?
Question 7
How is climate change
affecting the flowering of
blueberries?
Question 8
Selection against the average
and for both extremes is
___________ selection.
Question 9
p+q=?
Question 10
Provide an example of
directional selection.
One Question Quiz
08/29/2013
Question 1
Large population, no
migration, no mutation
What 2 conditions for H-W are
missing?
Question 2
What does p represent?
Question 3
Why is there a 2 in 2pq?
Question 4
2
What does q represent?
Question 5
In a population of 1000 cattle,
160 have horns (a recessive
trait). What is the q value for
the population?
Question 6
What does 2pq represent?
Question 7
How can you check your work
when doing H-W problems?
Question 8
2
What does p represent?
Question 9
In population of 1000 Holstein
cattle, 83% have a spotted
coat (a recessive phenotype.)
How many individuals in the
population have a solid coat?
Question 10
What does q represent?
One Question Quiz
09/18/13
Question 1
What is an outgroup used for?
Question 2
Birds likely developed light bones and wings like
limbs in the context of tree-climbing but there
appendages happened to help organisms in the
context of flight. This is an example of
____________.
Question 3
Two organisms are classified as different species
based on the different roles they play within their
environment. This is an example of which species
concept?
Question 4
The sperm of one species cannot survive in the
reproductive tract of another, which prevents
fertilization.
Pre- or postzygotic?
Type of reproductive barrier?
Question 5
What is parsimony?
Question 6
What levels of hierarchical classification are used in
binomial nomenclature?
Question 7
How can the Darwinian concept of descent with
modification explain the evolution of such complex
structures as the vertebrate or the heart?
Question 8
___________ ___________ is necessary for
allopatric speciation to occur.
Question 9
Homologous or analogous?: an owl’s wing and a
hornet’s wing
Question 10
What is the advantage of a phylogram over a
phylogenetic tree?
One Question Quiz
09/20/13
Question 1
What do internal nodes on a cladogram represent?
Question 2
What does a cladogram include that phylogenetic
trees and phylograms do not include?
Question 3
As we move from the bottom to the top of a
cladogram, we are moving from the ________ to the
__________.
Question 4
What is the outgroup
in this cladogram?
How do you know?
Question 5
Which letter
represents the derived
character “hair”?
Question 6
Which letter would
represent “bony
skeleton”?
Question 7
Do the order/position of
the terminal nodes
matter in this diagram?
Why or why not?
Question 8
What does the “root” or “trunk” of a cladogram
represent?
Question 9
What information is displayed on a character table?
What is it’s purpose?
Question 10
What is a paraphyletic group?
One Question Quiz
09/24/13
Question 1
How old is the Earth?
Question 2
The Miller-Urey experiments created a
lab set up based on the components of
Earth’s early atmosphere. ______
______ were produced - showing that
the building blocks of life could have
been produced by the abiotic
components of the atmosphere of early
Earth.
Question 3
As we go further into the past, the ______ complete
the fossil record is.
Question 4
The relative sequence of fossils in rock strata tells us
the order in which the fossils were laid down but not
their exact _______.
Question 5
This term refers to the number of years it takes for
50% of a radioactive sample to decay.
Question 6
4 main stages leading to simple cells1. Abiotic synthesis of small molecules like amino
acids.
2. ?
3. Packaging of these larger molecules into
protobionts
4. Origin of self-replicating molecules that make
inheritance possible.
Question 7
Is it believed that the earliest life on Earth had RNA or
DNA as a primary nucleic acid?
Question 8
Mass extinctions like the Permian mass extinction
provided opportunities for adaptive radiation into
newly vacated ________.
Question 9
This technique is based on the decay of radioactive
isotopes.
Question 10
This term refers to a collection of abiotically produced
molecules surrounded by a simple membrane which
may meet the necessary conditions for life.
One Question Quiz
09/25/2013
Question 1
Provide one piece of evidence that
supports the theory of endosymbiosis.
Question 2
This term refers to the fact that
continents are not fixed on the surface
of the Earth.
Question 3
Provide 2 internal cellular structures that
prokaryotes lack.
Question 4
The theory of endosymbiosis proposes
that the mitochondria and plastids like
the chloroplast were formerly
__________ living in larger cells.
Question 5
Why would endosymbiosis have
benefitted both the larger host cell and
the endosymbiont?
Question 6
Why would a waterproof coating of wax
on the leaves have been beneficial in
land plants?
Question 7
Early photosynthetic organisms
saturated seas and lakes with O2, then
excess O2 oxidized iron deposits in
rock, and finally O2 began to
accumulate in the ___________.
Question 8
Increasing cell __________ made it
possible for multicellular organisms to
divide particular life functions - like
obtaining food, reproduction, etc.
Question 9
How did early land plants and fungi
benefit from interacting with each other?
Question 10
Even the smallest single-celled
eukaryote is far more _________ than
any prokaryote.
Big Ideas from Chapter 26
4.6 billion years in Earth’s history
Much change has taken place
Abiotic --> Life
Many changes in the abiotic environment
4 stages:
Abiotic synthesis of small molecules
Small molecules build more complex polymers
Polymers are packaged into protobionts
Self replicating molecules allow for inheritance
Tests of chemical components of Earth’s early
atmosphere and seas generated organic compounds
- building blocks for life - Miller Urey
Spontaneous formation of protobionts - basic
functions - basic repro and metabolism - no precise
reproduction and cell division
Limited RNA nucleic acids gave way to more complex
sequences and could have served as the template for
the first double-stranded DNA
Our fossil record can only tell us so much - Presence
of fossils in strata alone won’t give us dates.
Radiometric dating allows us to use radioactive
isotopes to put dates on fossils
The geologic record is peppered by mass extinctions
which result in a major reduction in the type of
species on Earth
Mass extinctions provide opportunities for adaptive
radiation and are met with increases in species.
Tonights reading 522-528
Major shifts in life
Protobiont --> prokaryotes
Prokaryotes --> Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes --> multicellularity
Life colonizes the land
Geological changes on Earth
Autotrophic prokaryotes develop ---> heterotrophic
prokaryotes
Remember: Prokaryotes v. eukaryote refers to
cell type, autotroph v. heterotroph refers to how
organisms obtain nutrients
Worry about e- transport chains later
They do provide evidence of endosymbiosis
Changes in oxygen content - “Oxygen revolution”
Early earth: Absence of O2 in atmosphere
Selection for/selection against?
Selection for cells that could survive in oxidizing
environment
Extinction of many prokaryote lineages
Eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis - mutualistic
Evidence
Colonies of different eukaryotes give rise to
multicellularity
Changes in Earth
continental drift
impact on habitats
supercontinents to the continents we know today
connection to biogeography