Transcript Chapter 13 Theory of Evolution Darwin

Chapter 13 Theory of
Evolution
Vocabulary for Ch. 13
Natural Selection
 Vestigial Structure
 Homologous Structure
 Punctuated Equilibrium
 Reproductive Isolation
 Isolation
 Speciation
 Gradualism

Charles Darwin
Proposed a mechanism for Evolution that
has become widely accepted.
 Traveled throughout the world collecting
evidence of evolution
 Proposed that Natural Selection is driving
force in Evolution
 Was influenced by the work of Thomas
Malthus (Populations) and Charles Lyell
(Geology)

Darwin
Traveled from 1831-1836 on the HMS Beagle.
 Visited Africa, South America and Australia
studying the similarities and difference in
geology and living things.
 He spent 5 weeks in the Galapagos Islands
where he observed Giant Land Tortoises, Marine
Iguanas, warm weather Penguins and most
importantly, the Galapagos Finch.

Journey of the H.M.S. Beagle on
it’s 5 year journey in 1831.
Galapagos Finch
Each island has a variation of finch that is
best suited to that particular island.
 The beaks of the finch gives clues as to
the predominant type of food on that
Island.
 This indicates that organisms develop to
the environment in which they live.

Galapagos Finches
A new species of finch evolved by
using food on the island that other birds
were not using. Its beak indicates the
food it ate.
Origin of Species
After
writing for more that 25
years, Darwin published the
Origin of Species after….
Accumulation massive amounts of evidence
Scientific caution
Urging of other scientists, including Alfred
Wallace.
“The Origin of
Species” published
by Charles Darwin in
1859. This book
changed how science
looked at the natural
world from that time
on. It was the most
important publication
in modern scientific
times.
Natural Selection
1. All organisms have variations of traits
 2. Some variations allow the organism to
be successful in a particular environment
and produce more offspring
 3. Less successful organisms tend to die
out rapidly producing little if any offspring.
 4. Competition for survival weeds out
inferior species. (Survival of the Fittest)

Natural Selection
 Darwin
said, “Individuals that
have physical or behavioral
traits that better suit to their
environment are more likely to
survive and reproduce than
those that do not have such
traits.”
Darwin also wrote many other books about his
travels, coral reefs, beetles and other topics.
His most controversial book was “ The Descent of
Man” that outlined mans close connection to the
Great Apes.
The Origin of Species and the Descent of Man
were banned by church authorities because both
books contradicted the belief of Devine Creation.