Transcript C) Geographic Isolation

Chapter 11 Biology Review
Evolution of Populations
Holt McDougal Biology
Question 1
• 1. Name 3 conditions required to maintain
genetic equilibrium under the HARDYWEINBERG PRINCIPLE.
• .
Answer 1
• 1. Name 3 conditions required to maintain
genetic equilibrium under the HARDYWEINBERG PRINCIPLE. (any 3 are acceptable)
• 1) Very large population
• 2) No gene flow
• 3) No mutations
• 4) Random mating
• 5) No natural selection
Q2
• 2. TRUE OR FALSE
• Most of the time in most populations the
conditions for Hardy-Weinberg DO NOT ALL
EXIST.
•
.
A2
• 2. TRUE OR FALSE
• Most of the time in most populations the
conditions for Hardy-Weinberg DO NOT ALL
EXIST.
• TRUE
Q3
. Write the name of the kind of selection shown
under each graph shown below.
Answer 3A
(Favors BOTH extremes)
3A) DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
.
ANSWER 3B
3b) DIRECTIONAL SELECTION
(Favors ONE extreme phenotype &
shifts the graph to that direction)
Answer 3 C
3C) Stabilizing Selection
Favors the Intermediate phenotype &
squishes the graph towards the center.
Q4
4. Genetic drift happens in
populations that are _________.
A) small B) Very large
A4
• 4. Genetic drift happens in populations that
are _________. A) small B) Very large
Q5
• 5. The genes carried by all members of a
particular population make up that
population’s _____________ ___________.
A5
5. The genes carried by all members of a
particular population make up that
population’s __gene pool .
Q6
• 6.The process in which two species evolve in
response to changes in each other is called
____________.
A6
6.The process in which two species evolve in
response to changes in each other is called
COEVOLUTION__.
Q7
• 7. Evolution toward similar characteristics in
unrelated species, such as when unrelated
species adapt analogous structures due to
similar environments, this is an example of
_______________ evolution.
• A) convergent
B) divergent
C) Fluxuant
D) Coevolution
A7
• 7. Evolution toward similar characteristics in
unrelated species, such as when unrelated
species adapt analogous structures due to
similar environments, this is an example of
_______________ evolution.
• A) convergent
B) divergent
C) Fluxuant
D) Coevolution
Q8
• 8. Name the pattern of evolution in which
there are bursts of evolutionary activity in
spurts followed by periods of little
evoluationary change.
• A) Gradualism
• B) Coevolution
• C) Punctuated Equilibrium
• D) Hardy Weinburg Theory
•
A8
• 8. Name the pattern of evolution in which
there are bursts of evolutionary activity in
spurts followed by periods of little
evoluationary change.
• A) Gradualism
• B) Coevolution
• C) Punctuated Equilibrium
• D) Hardy Weinburg Theory
Q9
• 9) The movement of alleles into or out of a
population due to migration is called what ?
• A) Mutation
• B) Nonrandom Mating
• C) Gene Flow
• D) Natural Selection
A9
• 9) The movement of alleles into or out of a
population due to migration is called what ?
• A) Mutation
• B) Nonrandom Mating
• C) Gene Flow
• D) Natural Selection
•
• .
Q 10
• 10) Hardy-Wienburg Equilibrium describes
populations that _________.
• A) are evolving
• B) are not evolving
• C) Both A & B
• D) Neither
A 10
• 10) Hardy-Wienburg Equilibrium describes
populations that _________.
• A) are evolving
• B) are not evolving
• C) Both A & B
• D) Neither
Q 11
• 11) When closely related species evolve in different
directions by adapting to different environments,
they become increasingly different through
____________evolution.
• A) Convergent
• B) Divergent
• C) Fluxuant
• D) Coevolution
• E) None of above .
•
A 11
• 11) When closely related species evolve in
different directions by adapting to different
environments, they become increasingly
different through ____________evolution.
• A) Convergent
• B) Divergent
• C) Fluxuant
• D) Coevolution
• E) None of above .
Q 15
• 15. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution
happened slowly over a long period of time
called __________.
• A. punctuated equilibrium
• B. gradualism
• C. symbiosis
• D. mass extinction
A 15
• 15. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution
happened slowly over a long period of time
called __________.
• A. punctuated equilibrium
• B. gradualism
• C. symbiosis
• D. mass extinction
Q 16
• 16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph
of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average
score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so
that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows
this change would look similar to a graph showing which kind
of selection?
•
• A) Disruptive
• B) Directional
• C) Stabilizing
A 16
• 16. The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph
of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average
score being a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so
that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows
this change would look similar to a graph showing which kind
of selection?
•
• A) Disruptive
• B) Directional (b/c it causes a shift in the score)
• C) Stabilizing
Q 17
• 17) A change in the genetic material (DNA) of
a cell is called a(n) ____________________.
• A) recombination
• B) Mutation
• C) Mutalation
• D) polygenic trait
• E) None of above
•
A 17
• 17) A change in the genetic material (DNA) of
a cell is called a(n) ____________________.
• A) recombination
• B) Mutation
• C) Mutalation
• D) polygenic trait
• E) None of above
Q 18
• 18) True or False: “In genetic drift, the allele
frequencies in a gene pool change because of
chance”.
A 18
• 18) True or False: “In genetic drift, the allele
frequencies in a gene pool change because of
chance”.
• TRUE
Q 19
• 19) The type of genetic drift that follows the
colonization of a new habitat by a small group
of individuals is called
•
A) Bottleneck effect
•
B) Founder effect
•
C) Natural Selection
•
D) Stabiliizing selection
•
A 19
• 19) The type of genetic drift that follows the
colonization of a new habitat by a small group
of individuals is called
•
A) Bottleneck effect
•
B) Founder effect
•
C) Natural Selection
•
D) Stabiliizing selection
Q 20
• 20) What is the definition of a SPECIES?
A 20
• 20) What is the definition of a SPECIES?
• - A group of similar organisms that can
REPRODUCE to have FERTILE OFFSPRING.
Q 21
• 21) True or False: “ In natural selection, it is
environmental changes that do the selecting”
A 21
• TRUE
Q 22
• 22) The separation of populations by barriers
such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water
is called ___________.
• A) Behavioral Isolation
• B) Temporal Isolation
• C) Geographic Isolation
•
•
A 22
• 22) The separation of populations by barriers
such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water
is called ___________.
• A) Behavioral Isolation
• B) Temporal Isolation
• C) Geographic Isolation
Q 23
23) What type of isolation exists
when timing prevents reproduction
between 2 population?
• A) Behavioral Isolation
• B) Temporal Isolation
• C) Geographic Isolation
•
.
A 23
• 23) What type of isolation exists when timing
prevents reproduction between 2 population?
• A) Behavioral Isolation
• B) Temporal Isolation
• C) Geographic Isolation
•
.
•
Q 24
• 24) What type of isolation is caused by
differences in courtship or mating behaviors?
• A) Behavioral Isolation
• B) Temporal Isolation
• C) Geographic Isolation
•
.
•
A 24
• 24) What type of isolation is caused by
differences in courtship or mating behaviors?
• A) Behavioral Isolation
• B) Temporal Isolation
• C) Geographic Isolation
•
.
•
Q 25
• 25) The formation of new species is called __________________
A 25
• 25) The formation of new species is called
Speciation.
Q 26
• 26) When the range of phenotypes becomes
narrower and the number of individuals with
characteristics near the middle of the range
increases, _____________________selection
results.
A) Stabilizing
B) Directional
C) Disruptive
D) Normal distribution
E) Fluxuant
A 26
• 26) When the range of phenotypes becomes
narrower and the number of individuals with
characteristics near the middle of the range
increases, _____________________selection
results.
A) Stabilizing
B) Directional
C) Disruptive
D) Normal distribution
Q 27
27) _________________is a measure of how
common a certain allele is in the population.
• A) Gene Pool
• B) Genotype
• C) Allele Frequency
• D) Gene Frequency
A 27
27) _________________is a measure of how
common a certain allele is in the population.
• A) Gene Pool
• B) Genotype
• C) Allele Frequency
• D) Gene Frequency
Q 28
• 28) Alternative versions of genes are called
____________________.
• A) Phenotypes
• B) Alleles
• C) Frequencies
• D) Mutations
• E) Fluxuants
•
A 28
• 28) Alternative versions of genes are called
____________________.
• A) Phenotypes
• B) Alleles
• C) Frequencies
• D) Mutations
• E) Fluxuants
Q 29
29) ________________is favored during
Stabilizing Selection?
• A) Both extreme phenotypes
• B) an Intermediate Phenotype
• C) one extreme of a trait’s range
A 29
29) ________________is favored during
Stabilizing Selection?
• A) Both extreme phenotypes
• B) an Intermediate Phenotype
• C) one extreme of a trait’s range
Q 30
• 30) Small-scale changes in a population’s
genes is known as ___________________
• A) Macroevolution
• B) Microevolution
• C)Coevolution
A 30
• 30) Small-scale changes in a population’s
genes is known as ___________________
• A) Macroevolution
• B) Microevolution
• C)Coevolution
Q31
• 31) _____________________selection tends
to eliminate one extreme in a range of
phenotypes.
• A) Directional
B) natural
C) Stabilizing
D) Disruptive
E) Convergent
A 31
• 31) _____________________selection tends
to eliminate one extreme in a range of
phenotypes.
• A) Directional
B) natural
C) Stabilizing
D) Disruptive
E) Convergent
Q 32
• 32) In what type of distribution is the
frequency the highest near the mean value &
decreases toward each end of the range?
• A) Directional
• B) normal distribution
C) Stabilizing
D) Disruptive
E) Natural
•
A 32
• 32) In what type of distribution is the
frequency the highest near the mean value &
decreases toward each end of the range?
• A) Directional
• B) normal distribution
C) Stabilizing
D) Disruptive
E) Natural