Transcript species change - New Braunfels ISD

Evolution
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Vocabulary Review
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Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evolution
Cytochrome C
Mimicry
Anatomy
Fossils
DNA Sequence
Divergent Evolution
Gradualism
Physiology
Punctuated Equilibrium
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Speciation
Adaptation
Extinction
Relative Dating
Law of Use and Disuse
Disruptive Selection
Directional Selection
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Survival of the Fittest
Geographical Isolation
Evolution
Embryology
Natural Selection
Analogous Structures
Competition
Amino Acid
Diversity
Phylogeny
Behavior
Reproduction Isolation
Stabilizing Selection
Camouflage
Charles Darwin
Population
Artificial Selection
Radioactivity dating
Endosymbiosis
Common Ancestry
of “The Origin of Species”
 Studied organisms and fossils on the
Galapagos Islands
 Created the idea of Natural Selection
 Author
Going against another for
food, shelter, mate, etc.
Two different species may have
similar structures or characteristics
due to what?
is a type of natural selection in which
genetic diversity decreases and the
population mean stabilizes on a
particular trait value.
states that several key organelles of eukaryotes
originated as symbioses between separate singlecelled organisms. According to this theory,
mitochondria and chloroplasts represent formerly freeliving bacteria that were taken inside another cell.
 preserved
dead body or evidence of ancient
organisms;
 can show a step-by-step sequence of events over
time
 examples:
 bones, amber, footprints, leaves, shells
dNA
analysis shows relationships;
similar organisms have similar
dNA
structure,
how
something is made
function,
how
something works
studying
embryos
shows relationships;
similar organisms have
similar embryos
 body
parts with similar use / function and
different structure;
 in organisms with a very distant genetic
relationship
body
parts with similar
structure and different function;
in organisms with a somewhat
close genetic relationship
small
or incomplete body parts
that are no longer of use to the
species
human wisdom teeth and appendix
 an
energy-producing protein molecule
common to most living organisms
building
blocks of protein
forming
new species
all
of the variety in the
number of species on
Earth
Kingdoms - 6
Phyla - Less than 100
Classes - Hundreds
Orders – 1000’s
Families – tens of 1000’s
Genre – hundreds 1000’s
Species - ~14 million
 the
study of evolutionary
relationships between organisms
Organisms in same group share characteristics.
The closer on the “tree,” the closer related.
inherited
characteristic (structure or behavior)
that helps a species survive
The hummingbird has a long pointed beak to reach deep into flowers.
When startled, the cat rears up to look larger.
protect young
attract a mate
disappearance
of a species
when the last member dies
 says
that nature picks the better traits, and
less helpful traits become less frequent in
a population;
 “survival of the fit enough”
peppered moths
 says
that only those most suited
survive to produce offspring
 species
change:
 a physical barrier
divides a population
Grand Canyon squirrels have developed into two separate species
species
change:
groups breed at different times
Species #1 Bower bird
courts mates with an
upright nest decorated in
bright blue items.
Species #2 Bower bird
courts mates with a tall
towering nest decorated
with charcoal
species
change to fill all niches
when there are few competitors
birds develop different shaped beaks, depending on their favored food source
the
environment forces different species to develop
similar characteristics
Sharks (fish) and dolphins (mammals) both have fins
similar
species become
less alike
Long
term gradual
change
long
periods of stability and
short episodes of change
coloration
that helps an
organism blend into its
surroundings.
One
species evolves traits to
resemble another species
The monarch (left) viceroy (right) looks very similar, but taste different to
predators. Viceroys benefit from birds’ avoidance of monarchs.
A
population changing over a
long period of time
Extreme traits are favored
Population is divided into two
distinct groups
More
than one organism of the
same species in a given area
Human
choosing “best trait” for
offspring from male/female
Certain
organs become developed
because of an environmental need
Extreme
phenotype is favored,
causing allele frequency to shift
over time.
Finding
absolute
age of a fossil
using carbon 14
Finding an estimate of age
bases on the layers the fossils
are found in