PPT Slides -- January 30 - Peace and Conflict Studies
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Transcript PPT Slides -- January 30 - Peace and Conflict Studies
PACS 4500
Senior Seminar in
Peace and Conflict Studies
Section 001
Guy Burgess
Reading Reflections / D2L Grades
Level of Effort
Number of Points
Evidence of Having Done the Readings
Personal Reflections
Timeliness
State Department
Complex Problems
Inequality
• Problems at the Top
– Assortative Mating
– The Super Star Effect
– Money
Addiction/Boundless Greed
– Others?
• Problems the Bottom
–
–
–
–
Single Parenting
Crimes/Incarceration Rates
Unemployment History
Low Educational
Expectations
– Scarcity-Afflicted Thinking
– Others?
• Systemic Problems
– Automation
– Kludgeocracy
– Reserve Army of the
Unemployed
– Zero-Some Mentality
– Matthew’s Law
– Stress Limits on
Compassion
– Under-Performing Schools
– Lance Armstrong Effect
– Others
All Big Problems Are Complex
Problems
Wire These Problems So Intractable
?
Complex Adaptive Systems
General Systems Theory
Levels of Systems
Kenneth Boulding, “Skeleton of Science”
Framework
Clockwork
Complicated Systems
Throughput
Feedback
Cellular
Botanical
Zoological
Complex Systems
Psychological
Social
Evolutionary Roots As Toolmakers
Complicated Systems
Mechanical
Metaphorbased
Complicated Systems
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ve4M4UsJQo
Directed from Washington Model
Complicated “Chain of Command”
General Systems Theory
Levels of Systems
Kenneth Boulding, “Skeleton of Science”
Framework
Clockwork
Complicated Systems
Throughput
Feedback
Cellular
Botanical
Zoological
Complex Systems
Psychological
Social
Complex Systems
Organic
Systems and
Metaphors
Mermeration
http://vimeo.com/31158841
Non-Human Eco-Systems
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_Bx1mdVMyc
Human Eco-Systems
http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2013/06/10/190468911/the-most-dangerous-traffic-circle-in-the-world
Characteristics of Complex Systems
Multitudes of independent actors each
seeking to advance their own self-interest
based on their image of their
environment and their problem-solving
algorithm
Such systems are evolve and are not
designed
There are no control points
Ecodynamics
NOT Environmental Correctness
Evolutionary Features
Creation processes
Propagation/reproduction processes
Selection processes
Everything evolves
Ecosystems Don’t Care
Individuals care – things that are bad for
some individuals are undoubtedly better
for others
Components of Creation
Energy
Materials
Information
Physical structure of matter
DNA -- biogenetics
Learned behavior -- noogenetics
Physical evolution
Biological evolution
Species
Behaviors
Structures
Biological Ecodynamics
Mutation
Selection
Niche
Relationships
Mutualism
Commensalism
Amensalism
Competition
Antagonism (Predation, Parasitism)
Neutralism
Darwin and Smith
Social Eco-dynamics
Things that evolve
Social roles
Human artifacts
Ideas
Behaviors
Everything
Social Eco-dynamics
Evolution of information (Quincy
Wright)
Language
Writing
Printing
Digital information
Evolutionary Tracks
Competing Tracks
•
•
•
•
•
Free world
Power with
democracy (small “d”)
Invisible hand
Compassionate
•
•
•
•
•
Slave world
Power over
Tyranny
Invisible fist
Selfish
Evolutionary Actors
Grassroots citizens
Selection/De-selection Determinants
Situational awareness
Analytical capabilities
Collaborative capabilities
Ability to avoid “traps” (attractors)
Tragedy of the Commons
Extreme destructive escalation
Unrealized opportunities for collaboration
Misunderstanding of the facts
Misunderstanding of others
Metaphors: Herding Cats?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pk
7yqlTMvp8
Moving Food Bowls?
Conductor vs. Improvisation
Orchestra Model
Jazz Band Model
Strategic Corporal
The E-Bay vs. Unity of Effort
Specialization, Division of Labor
Massively Parallel Peacebuilding
Micro, Meso, Macro Peacebuilding
Fractals
Remediality, Incrementalism
Herbert Simon
Charles Lindblom
Complicated vs. Complex Systems I
Complicated
Engineering View
System Consciously
Designed by Humans
Complete Plans of the
System Are Available
Unified Command-andcontrol Structure
Complex
Medical View
System Evolved
Through Processes of
Natural and Social
Selection
No Plans Exist—Only
Observational Studies
and Theories
Decentralized, Multiple
Independent Actors
Deterministic
Adaptive / Chaotic
Complicated vs. Complex Systems II
Complicated
Workings of all system
components are
understood
Complete repair
possible
Applies to simpler,
designed systems
Complex
Workings of only some
system components
understood
Only incremental
fixes/improvements
Applies to complex,
real-world systems
Space shuttle
Medicine,
Computers
Ecosystem management,
Internet,
Economy,
Social conflict
Complicated vs. Complex Systems III
Complicated
All malfunctions can be
troubleshooted and
repaired (given
sufficient funds and
political will)
Complex
Some problems
(pathologies/diseases)
can be diagnosed and
treated, others cannot—
treatment varies from:
Complete Cure
Symptomatic Relief
No Successful Treatment
-- Chronic Condition -“Live with It”
No Successful Treatment
-- “Terminal”
Focus on the most
threatening pathologies
Learning Accelerator