Transcript Unit 3 Evolution 2

Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 3 Evolution – Jeopardy 2
More Darwin
Speciation
More
Evolution
Evidence
Mechanisms of
Evolution
Selection
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
Darwin did not use this term
because he believed it always
implied progress
What is Evolution?
Darwin observed these types
of morphological structures
that have similar elements
and ancestral origin BUT may
differ in function
What are
Homologous Structures?
There are five key
observations that provide the
logic and mechanisms for
evolution. One inference
states that traits are inherited
that give individuals this.
What is
“a better chance of surviving
and successfully
reproducion?”
The key to Natural Selection
lies in its ability to favour this.
What is
Reproductive Success?
After his five year voyage on
the HMS Beagle and
collecting over 1,000
specimens, Darwin concluded
this about traits
What is
“…individuals exhibiting most
favourable traits survive in
greater numbers AND these
traits are passed to their
offspring?
This type of speciation
occurs in populations in the
same geographical areas
diverge and become
reproductively isolated
What is
Sympatic Speciation?
It is the diversification of a
common ancestral species
into a variety of differently
adapted species
What is
Adaptive Radiation?
Speciation is based on the
disruption of this within a
population
What is “gene flow?”
A geographic barrier splits a
population into two separate
groups.
What is
Allopatric Speciation?
A pattern of evolution in
which species that were
once similar to an ancestral
species diverge OR become
increasingly distinct
What is
Divergent Evolution?
The number of digits in the
lower limb of a bat
What is five?
The number of digits is
similar to humans, frogs and
horses. They look similar in
structure, but they may be
different in function
In populations, it is the
number of offspring produced
What is
“…more than the number of
adults?”
Over long periods of
geological time, it is what
continents do
What is
Drift (move)?
A fossil that shows the
intermediary links between
groups of organisms
What are
Transitional Fossils?
Approximate date of the
appearance of hominids in
the fossil record
What is
7 million years ago?
This has nothing to do with
age. Rather, it relates to
reproductive success AND
the contribution an individual
makes to the gene pool
What is Fitness?
A feature that makes an
individual more likely to
survive in environmental
conditions
What is
an Adaptation?
Complete set of alleles
contained within a species of
a population
What is
the Gene Pool?
Evolution of similar traits in
distantly related species
What is
Convergent Evolution?
The process in which one
species evolves in
response to the evolution
of another species
What is Co-evolution?
In this selection type, there are two types
of seeds for a population of birds to
consume. Two different beak
shapes -- sharp or blunt -- might be
selected for (i.e., both beak shapes
effectively allow the birds to feed).
However, a beak that is the average
of the two shapes might not be
particularly good at eating either
seed, so this trait would be selected
against.
What is
Disruptive Selection?
Selection that works against the two
extremes of a trait to make the
population more uniform (i.e., favours
an intermediate phenotype). For
example, birth weight of human
babies is maintained at an
intermediate weight because babies
that are too big or too small have less
chance of being born healthy.
What is
Stabilizing Selection?
This type of section, common
during periods of
environmental change,
selects the extreme of one
trait. For example in a
population of plants,
flowers with the brightest
colour might be selected
for to attract the more
pollinators.
What is
Directional Selection?
Also called diversifying
selection, this selection
favours the extreme
phenotypes over an
intermediate phenotype
What is
Disruptive Selection?
Natural selection in the
mating breed, in general,
on competition between
males and choices of
females
What is
Sexual Selection?