Transcript AP Biology Life`s Natural History is a record of

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 Add a title page called EVOLUTION to
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Finish graphing and writing
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Environment
Predator
Variation
Competition
Adaptation
Offspring
DNA
Population
Traits
Survival
Disturbance
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Test Results
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Chapter 22~
 Descent with
Modification:
A Darwinian View
of Life
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Evolution
 Evolution:
the change over time of the
genetic composition of
populations
 Natural selection:
populations of organisms
can change over the
generations if individuals
having certain heritable traits
leave more offspring than
others (differential reproductive
success)
 Evolutionary adaptations:
a prevalence of inherited
characteristics that enhance
organisms’ survival and
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reproduction
November 24, 1859
Triassic
225
280
Carboniferous
350
Devonian
400
Silurian
430
Ordovician
500
Cambrian
570
Ediacaran
700
Precambrian,
Proterozoic,
&
Archarozoic
4500
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Life’s
Natural History is a record of Successions & Extinctions
Seed Plants
Land Plants
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles
Insects
Amphibians
Teleost Fish
Chordates
Permian
Flowering Plants
180
Dinosaurs
Jurassic
Jawless Fish
135
Arthropods
Cretaceous
Molluscs
63
Multicellular Animals
Tertiary
Green Algae
1.5
Photosynthetic Bacteria
Quaternary
Anaerobic Bacteria
mya
Evolutionary history
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Linnaeus: taxonomy
Hutton: gradualism
Lamarck: evolution
Malthus: populations
Cuvier: paleontology
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Lyell: uniformitarianism
Darwin: evolution
Mendel: inheritance
Wallace: evolution
Charles Darwin
 1809-1882
 British naturalist
 Proposed the idea
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of evolution by
natural selection
Collected clear
evidence to
support his ideas
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Voyage of the HMS Beagle
 Invited to travel around the world
1831-1836 (22 years old!)
 makes many observations of nature
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 main mission of the Beagle was to chart
South American coastline
Stopped in Galapagos Islands
500 miles off coast of Ecuador
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Darwin found… birds
Collected many
different birds on the
Galapagos Islands.
Thought he found Finch?
very different kinds…
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Sparrow?
QuickTime™ and a
Photo - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Woodpecker?
Warbler?
But Darwin found… a lot of finches
Darwin was amazed to
find out:
All 14 species of birds
were finches…
But there is only one
species of finch on the
mainland!
Finch?
Sparrow?
Large Ground
Small Ground
Finch?
Sparrow?
QuickTime™ and a
Photo - JPEG decompressor
Finch
Finch
are needed to see this picture.
How did
one species
of finches become
so many different
species now?
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Woodpecker?
Warbler Finch
Woodpecker?
Warbler?
Veg. Tree Finch
Warbler?
Darwin’s finches
 Differences in beaks
associated with eating different foods
 survival & reproduction of beneficial
adaptations to foods available on islands
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Warbler finch
Cactus finch
Woodpecker finch
Sharp-beaked finch
Small insectivorous
tree finch
Large
insectivorous
tree finch
Small ground
finch
Cactus
eater
Medium
ground finch
Insect eaters
Seed eaters
Vegetarian
tree finch
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Bud eater
Large
ground finch
Darwin’s finches
 Darwin’s conclusions
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small populations of original South American
finches landed on islands
 variation in beaks enabled individuals to gather
food successfully in the different environments
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over many generations, the populations of
finches changed anatomically & behaviorally
 accumulation of advantageous traits in population
 emergence of different species
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Seeing this gradation &
diversity of structure in
one small, intimately related group of birds,
one might really fancy that
from an original paucity of birds
in this archipelago,
one species has been taken &
modified for different ends.
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Darwin’s finches
 Differences in
beaks allowed
some finches to…
successfully
compete
 successfully feed
 successfully
reproduce
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 pass successful
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traits onto their
offspring
More observations…
Correlation of species
to food source
Whoa,
Turtles, too!
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Essence of Darwin’s ideas
 Natural selection
variation exists in populations
 over-production of offspring
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 more offspring than the environment can support

competition
 for food, mates, nesting sites, escape predators

differential survival
 successful traits = adaptations

differential reproduction
 adaptations become more
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common in population
Dispatch
 What is your plan to bring up your
grade in this class?
 Make a pile of lab books. PUT A POST
IT WHERE I AM CORRECTING
 Take out ECOLOGY TEST and look at
what you missed
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1. C
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. B or E
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. E
13. A
14. A
15. C
16. C
17. E
18. B
19. A
20. A
21. E
22. D
23. D
24. B
25. C
26. D
27. C
28. C
29. E
30. B
31. D
32. C
33. C
34. C
35. B
36. E
37. B
38. C
39. A
40. D
41. C
42. C
43. D or C
44. E
45. E
4 stations
 Fossils
 DNA
 Embryos
 Homologous Structures
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