Transcript Interactions among organisms

Interactions among
organisms
The study of how organisms
interact with one another and
their environment is called
_____.
Ecology
Organisms that can interbreed
and produce fertile offspring are
called __________.
Species
A group of the same species
that occupy an area are called a
______
Population
Name all the Producers
D
Name all the Herbivores
F
and
C
Where would carnivores be
located in this energy pyramid?
Only
level
3
The most biologically diverse
biome is the
a.
b.
c.
d.
swamp.
grassland.
tundra.
tropical rain forest.
The most biologically diverse
biome is the
a.
b.
c.
d.
swamp.
grassland.
tundra.
tropical rain forest.
Which of the following describes
the location of the tundra
biome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
East coast of the U.S.
Just north of the United States
North of Canada
Central America
Which of the following describes
the location of the tundra
biome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
East coast of the U.S.
Just north of the United States
North of Canada
Central America
Leaves change colors on ____
trees in autumn.
a.coniferous
b.permafrost
c.
d.
deciduous
abiotic
Leaves change colors on ____
trees in autumn.
a.coniferous
b.permafrost
c.
d.
deciduous
abiotic
Ecology and Types of Interactions
Remember: Ecology is the study of
interactions between organisms and their
environment.
Ecology and Types of Interactions
I. Ecologists have described three main
ways that species and individuals
affect each other.
1. Competition
2. Predator/Prey Relationships
3. Symbiosis
A. Competition
• When two or more
individuals or
populations try to
use the same
limited resource.
A. Competition
• These two trees
are competing for
root space,
sunlight, and
water.
• Competition is
bad for both
because if one
doesn’t receive
enough
resources, it may
die.
1) Limited resource - scarce resources like
water, food, space, even mates.
Competition for Food
Frogs and Mice compete for
____________
What two organisms compete for
mice?
___________ and ____________
What would happen if the population of
Snakes decreased?
B. Predator and Prey
•
The interaction
of one
individual
eating another.
Prey
1. Prey- organism that is eaten. Prey
adaptations include advantages that help
prey hide themselves or escape
predators.
Predator
2. Predator- organism that eats the prey.
Predator adaptations include advantages
over the prey that help predators catch
their prey.
Predator Prey Relationships
Evolution is tied to the need for
energy.
Prey Adaptations
i.
Mimicry - the ability of some creatures
to imitate others, either by sound or
appearance for protective purposes
ii. Camouflage - Protective coloring or another
feature that conceals an animal and enables it to
blend into its surroundings.
iii. Warning Coloration Bright colors and patterns that warn
potential predators of the potential risk that would come from
attacking or eating it.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection- “survival of the fittest”
Organisms with beneficial traits (FITTEST) survive to pass on the traits!
What has caused the population
to level out?
Carrying Capacity
Competition and Predator/Prey
keep things balanced!
2) Carrying Capacity the number of
individuals that an environment can
support; controlled by competition for
limited resources and predator/prey
interactions.
What has caused the population
to level out?
Carrying Capacity
3. Symbiosis
• A long-term relationship between two or
more species.
1. Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Host?
Parasite?