Transcript Chapter 5 study game

A species is a group of similar
organisms that
a. Can mate and produce fertile
offspring
b. Can live together on an island
c. Have all the same traits
d. Can migrate from an island to
the mainland
A. Can mate and
reproduce fertile
offspring
What theory proposes that
evolution occurs steadily in tiny
changes over long periods of
time?
a. Punctuated equlilbria
b. gradualism
c. Relative dating
d. Natural selection
b. gradualism
The term that refers to the
process by which individuals that
are better adapted to their
environment are more likely to
survive and reproduce is
A. Variation
d. overproduction
b. Natural selection
c. competition
b. Natural selection
Most of what scientists know
about extinct species is based on
a. variations
b. Sedimentary rock
c. Natural selection
d. The fossil record
D. The fossil record
What is the main way that a new
species forms?
a. Mutations occur
b. cross-breeding occurs
c. A group is separated from the
rest of the species
d. Competition between members
of the same species
c. A group is
separated from the
rest of the species
How do scientists determine the
actual age of a fossil?
A. Relative dating
b. Mold and casting
c. Sedimentary dating
d. Absolute dating
d. Absolute dating
What are fossils?
a. Mold and casts of live
organisms
b. Drawings of ancient animals
c. Footprints or burrows of
animals that live today
d. Preserved remains or traces of
organisms that lived in the past
d. Preserved remains or traces
of organisms that lived in the
past
A species that no longer has any
living members
A. molded
b. fossilized
c. petrified
d. extinct
d. extinct
How do most fossils form?
a.an insect becomes trapped in amber
b. An organism becomes frozen in ice
c. A dead organism becomes buried in
sediment
d. A dead organism becomes buried in
tar
c. A dead organism becomes
buried in sediment
Which term refers to a species
creating more offspring that can
possibly survive?
A.evolution
b. Natural selection
c. overproduction
d. variation
c. overproduction
A branching tree is
a. A homologous structure that plants
have
b. A drawing that shows where different
animals live
c. A species of tree that is not closely
related
d. A diagram showing how scientists think
different groups of organisms are
related
d. A diagram showing how
scientists think different
groups of organisms are
related
What did Darwin observe about
the finches in the Galapagos
Islands?
• They had identical genotypes
• Their feathers adapted to match
their environment
• Their beaks adapted to match the
foods they ate
d. They had identical phenotypes
c. Their beaks adapted to match
the foods they ate
What evidence suggests that
ancestors of whales once walked on
land?
a. Whales have a walking motion as they
swim
b. Scientist have found fossils of whalelike creatures that walked on land
c. Whales breath through lungs
d. Whales have DNA similar to elephants
b. Scientist have found
fossils of whale-like
creatures that walked on
land
What illustrates the impact of
continental drift on the formation of
new species?
A. Marsupials adapt better in North America
than in Australia
B. Australia has fewer marsupials than South
America
C. Most mammals in Australia are marsupials,
but few exist on other continents
D. Placental mammals live mainly in Australia
c. Most mammals in Australia
are marsupials, but few exist
on other continents
What theory proposes that
species evolve during short
periods of rapid change?
a.Gradualism
b.Evolution
c.Punctuated equilibria
d.Absolute dating
c. Punctuated equilibria
Which terms refers to similar
structures that related species
have inherited from a common
ancestor?
a.Developmental organisms
b.Punctuated equilibria
c.DNA sequences
d.Homologous structures
d. Homologous structures
What evidence is most important
when using relative dating?
a. Position of fossils in sedimentary
rock layers
b.Types of minerals in petrified
fossils
c. Half-life of a radioactive element
d.Position of sediment in petrified
rock
a. Position of fossils in
sedimentary rock layers
Entire insects have preserved in
a. Casts formed when mold fill with
hardened minerals
b. Tar pits that were once covered with
water
c. Amber formed from the hardened sap
of evergreen trees
d. Sedimentary rock after the insects
were frozen
c. Amber formed from
the hardened sap of
evergreen trees
Differences between
members of the same
species are
a.Variations
b.Selections
c.Predators
d.traits
a. Variations
The gradual change in a
species over time is called
a.Variation
b.Evolution
c.Mutation
d.migration
b. Evolution
What theory agrees with fossil
records that show no
intermediate forms for long
periods of time?
a.Evolution
b.Punctuated equilibria
c.Gradualism
d.Natural selection
b. Punctuated equilibria
A trait that helps an organism
survive and reproduce
a.Mutation
b.Variation
c.Selection
d.adaptation
d. adaptation
If 2 organisms look very similar
during their early stages, this is
evidence that the organisms
a. Evolved from a common ancestor
b.Are not related
c. Have the same DNA
d.Evolved from different ancestors
a.Evolved from a
common ancestor
How does natural selection lead to
evolution?
a. Environmental changes kill weaker
members of the species
b. Overproduction provides food for
stronger members of the species
c. Stronger offspring kill weaker
members of the species
d. Helpful traits accumulate among
surviving members of the species
d. Helpful traits
accumulate
among surviving
members of the
species
Why do scientists think related species
have similar body structures and
development patterns?
a. They inherited many of the same proteins
from a common ancestor
b. They inherited many of the same genes
from one another
c. They inherited many of the same genes
from a common ancestor
d. They inherited all of the same genes from a
common ancestor
c.They inherited many
of the same genes
from a common
ancestor
What is the role of genes in evolution?
a. Only traits controlled by genes can be
acted on by natural selection
b. Only genes can be acted on by natural
selection
c. The genes of most surviving parents
have only dominant alleles
d. Parents with recessive genes die from
overpopulation
a. Only traits controlled by
genes can be acted on by
natural selection
A change in a gene or chromosome
resulting in a different or new
characteristic is called
a.Adaptation
b.Variation
c.Natural selection
d.Mutation
d. Mutation
The ship that completed a 5 year
voyage around the world,
stopping at the Galapagos
Islands was named
a.HMS Beagle
b.HMS Titanic
c.USS Arizona
d.USS Beagle
a.HMS Beagle
What did Darwin infer from his observations
of organisms in South America and on the
Galapagos Islands?
a. The organisms on the island were unrelated
to organisms on the mainland
b. A small number of different plant and animal
species had come to the islands from the
mainland
c. The organisms on the islands were identical
to those on the mainland
d. A small number of plant and animal species
had come to the mainland from the islands
b. A small number of
different plant and
animal species had
come to the islands
from the mainland
Scientists combine evidence from fossils,
body structure, early development, and
DNA and protein structures to
a. Determine what bones an animal has in its
forelimbs
b. Determine whether an organism will have
gills during its early development
c. Determine the evolutionary relationships
among species
d. Decide which fossils are older than others
c. Determine the
evolutionary
relationships among
species