Transcript Chapter 1: study of life

CHAPTER 1:
STUDY OF LIFE
Ms. Mezzetti
Lynn English High School
Science Department
Chapter 1 Keywords
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autotrophs
biology
cells
DNA
development
differentiation
ecology
ecosystem
evolution
evolve
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homeostasis
metabolism
multicellular organism
natural selection
organism
organ
photosynthesis
reproduction
unicellular organism
gene
heterotroph
Chapter 1 Objectives
List six unifying themes of biology.
Explain how organisms get the energy they
need to survive.
Describe the main difference between the
structure of a living thing and that of a
nonliving thing.
List six characteristics of life
Describe the hierarchy in nature from atoms
to biome
Primordial Earth
•Earth is currently theorized to be over 4 billion
years old
•The first living organisms were single-celled,
unicellular organisms-bacteria
•Unicellular organism later evolved over time to
form the diverse life that now exists on Earth
today-over 2.5 million different species and yet
many more to be classified
Biology is the study of life
Biology studies
• the microscopic
structure of cells
which are the basic
unit of life
• The interactions
between millions of
species-ecology
• The history of life on
earth-evolution
THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM
Stability and Homeostasis
• All living organisms need
to maintain a stable
internal environmentthis is known as
homeostasis
• Internal conditions such
as food, water and
temperature must be
controlled to survive.
This is true for all living
organisms-unicellular
and multicellular
THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM
Cell Structure and Function
• Cells are the basic unit life - all living organisms
are made up of cells
• All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane,
contain DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm-we will
learn about all of these
• Living organisms can be unicellular such as
bacteria and protists or multicellular like plants,
fungi and animals
• All living organisms are classified as prokaryotes
(bacteria) or eukaryotes (all other living
organisms)
Cell Structure and Function:
unicellular or multicellular?
What is this?
Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM
Reproduction and Inheritance
Reproduction – the process by which
organisms produce new
organisms like themselves.
• DNA – hereditary information.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
• In eukaryotic organisms, DNA is
enclosed within a structure of
membrane.
• In prokaryotic organisms, DNA
exists as a loop• Gene – short segment of DNA.
Contains the instructions for
development of a single trait.
• The DNA in every cell in your body
is exactly identical.
THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM
Evolution
•Evolution – change
over generations.
•Natural Selection –
organisms with more
favorable traits will be
more successful at
reproduction.
•Driven by competition
for resources
THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM
Interdependence of Organisms
• Ecology – the
interactions of
organisms between
one another and their
environment.
• Ecosystem – is the
environmental
community
THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM
Matter, Energy, and Organization
• Photosynthesis – the
process by which plants
capture energy from the sun
and convert it to chemical
food.
• Autotrophs – organisms
that make their own food.
• Heterotrophs – organisms
that get food from the
outside environment.
THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM
Matter, Energy and Organization
• All living organisms need energy to survive.
• Living organisms use different processes to acquire energy- ATP
• Plants use photosynthesis to produce their energy-autotrophs
• Animals depend on other organisms for their energyheterotrophs
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE-GRROUCH!
• To be considered a living organism you must possess these characteristics
we will refer to as GRROUCH:
• GROW-all living organisms grow and develop
• RESPOND- living organisms need to respond to stimuli to
survive
• REPRODUCE-living organisms reproduce to produce offspring
• ORGANIZED-living organisms are organized matter from
atoms to cells to body systems
• USE ENERGY-living organisms need to metabolize energy
(ATP)
• CELLS-all living organisms are composed of one or more cells
• HOMEOSTASIS-all living organisms must maintain a stable
internal environment to survive
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE: GRROUCH
•LEVELS OF
ORGANIZATION