Transcript Chapter 4 – current

Chapter 4
Page 98
The Organization of
Life
4.1
Ecosystems:
Everything
is connected
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= all the organisms living in an area
together with their physical environment.
Ex = oak forest
All ecosystems are connected to each
other!
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPHq
UxxyLsY
Habitat

= The place an organism lives.
Components of an Ecosystem
Biotic Factors
-
-
All living or once
living parts.
Even dead and waste
products.
Abiotic Factors
-
Nonliving parts
Air, water, rocks,
sand, etc.
Abiotic and Biotic Factors Video
Clip
Organism
= Individual living thing
ex – carpenter ant
Species
= group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile
offspring.
ex – carpenter ants
Population (1)
= all the members of the same species that live in
the same place at the same time.
Communities (2+)
= a group of various species that live in the same
place and interact with each other.
Ecosystem

Includes all of the abiotic and biotic
factors in that local area!
Biome
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= a large region characterized by a
specific type of climate and certain types
of plant and animal communities.
Ex = desert
Biosphere

Part of the planet that contains these
Biotic and Abiotic environments.
Organization review…
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Organism
Population (1)
Community (2+)
Ecosystem (community + abiotic)
Biome (ecosystem on a larger scale!)
Biosphere ( Biomes on the planet)
Cheese:
Old
People
Can’t
Eat
Beans!
4.2
Evolution
= Change over time
One method:
 Natural
Selection
“because of nature”
Second method:
 Artificial
Selection
Natural Selection
vs
Artificial Selection

https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=EhkYc7
fHcR0
2 Natural Selection Theories:
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1. Charles Darwin
Believed organisms
born with variety.
This led to success for
some, called
adaptations.
therefore pops.
Change over time
Cheese: DarWIN
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2. Lamark
Believed organisms
AQUIRED desirable
traits in their lifetime.
These then passed on
Cheese:
LAMARK IS LAME!
Darwin’s Theory
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-
Describes the
survival and
reproduction of
organisms with
particular VARIETY
in their traits.
“because of
nature”
Also causes
ADAPTATIONS!
These are traits that are
inherited that allow
the animal to survive
better.
Natural Selection Example
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Baby Deer develop
spots to help hide it
during its vulnerable
stages…therefore
these deer survive to
reproduce and pass
their genes on.
Those who have no
spots will be eaten.
Darwin’s “Winning” Theory
May also lead to Coevolution =
animals are adapted to each other and
cannot survive without the other now
Evolution Continued…
Type 2 – Artificial Selection
 Defined as selective
breeding of organism by
humans for specific
characteristics.
Artificial Selection

Genes CHOSEN by
Humans, not natural
order.
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Example – cows that
produce more milk
are only allowed to
mate.
Watermelons that
have few seeds are
replanted.
Artificial Selection!
Evolution of Resistance
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Resistance is the
ability of one or more
organisms to tolerate
a particular chemical
designed to kill it.
So in essence, we are
creating a population
of insects that are
resistance to
chemicals.
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https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=5G6WWUxlYc