Transcript Review for standard 5

Review for standard 5
Evolution
How did DNA discoveries help
evolution?
• Remember biochemistry
• Now we could look at
similarities in DNA
sequences and revise how
things are evolutionary
trees.
Darwin – 1800s
• Natural selection
• Darwin create theory of evolution alone?
• No Darwin built upon ideas of other scientists like
Wallace
• Originally not accepted but is now accepted.
Why?
• Lots of evidence that supports his theory like
what?
• Fossils, anatomy, biochemistry and embryology
• Different species of finches found on different
islands
• Reproductive isolation
Evidence for evolution
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Adaptations
Like mimicry and camouflage
Fossils
Embryology – embryo of fish,reptiles, birds
and mammals are similar
Embryology
Homologous Structures
• Similar in arrangement, function or both. –
COMMON ANCESTOR
• Divergent evolution
Analogous Structures
• Body parts are
similar in
function but –
• DO NOT
HAVE
COMMON
ANCESTOR
• Convergent
evolution
evidence for evolution
• homologous structures
common or not
common ancestor?
• Common evolutionary
origin
• Divergent or
convergent evolution?
• divergent evolution.
• analogous structures
common or not
common ancestor?
• Not common
• Convergent or
divergent evolution?
convergent evolution
Evidence for evolution
• Evidence that present species developed
from earlier forms.
• AUG codes for methionine in all living
things
• Why would I not care about one single
mutation in a population.
• Survival is not threatened by this as there
are ways usually ways to adapt
What is relative dating?
• Fossils in deeper rock layers are older than
those found closer to the surface.
• Why do scientists believe this?
• They assume that in the past, layers of
sediment were deposited on top of each
other the same as it is today.
If I find fossils of coral in one of
these layers then I assume what?
• The area was once covered by an ocean
• Further evidence would be?
• fossilized shark teeth.
Geographic Isolation
• What is it?
• separation due to a physical barrier like a river or
mountain divides a population eventually leading
to speciation –
geographic isolation
• Example is frogs separated by a mountain or a
river
• What can this lead to?
• Speciation.
• What is speciation?
• No longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring
• Convergent or divergent evolution?
• divergent evolution
Reproductive Isolation
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What is it?
two organisms become isolated reproductively.
What does this lead to?
Speciation
What is speciation?
so different (for whatever reason) that they can no
longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
• This is what happened with Darwin’s finches.
What happens during geographic
or reproductive isolation?
• Something divides a population so that they
can no longer mate
• which can lead to?
• Speciation.
• Divergent or convergent evolution?
• Divergent evolution
Classification (common name vs.
scientific name)
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Linnaeus what did he do?
Two-word naming system (scientific name)
First word is?
genus, (Capitalized like Homo sapien)
second word is?
a descriptor
In Italics and first letter of first word is capitalized
Like Felis concolor is scientific name for common
name of mountain lion
Whittiker – 5 kingdoms
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Can you name them?
Plant
Animal
Fungi
Protist
Monera (bacteria)
6 kingdom
• Same but monera (bacteria) is divided into
two groups
• Eubacteria
• Archaebateria
• Which kingdom is prokaryotes
• Monera (bacteria)
Changes, changes, changes
• Why do we keep changing things?
• Science always revises its ideas as new stuff
is always being discovered
Time line
• Time line - one million years equals one
meter. Problem?
• The time line will be too long to fit in the
classroom.
Name the taxas
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Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
•Which is most DISsimilar (broadest group)
from each other ?
•Toward Top - Kingdom
Which ones are the most
SIMILAR (most specific)
Towards bottom (Species)
Dichotymous keys
Does science ever change?
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Yes. - Think of the classification systems
Carolus Linnaeus – 2 word naming system
Robert Whittaker – 5 kingdom system
And now??? 6 kingdoms ?????
Why all the changes?
As we find out more stuff, we have to
revise.
What do you remember about
Darwin?
• Galapagos islands – 1800s - finches
• Isolation – Geographic and Reproductive
• Natural selection
Did Darwin create the evolution
theory by himself?
• No. He used ideas of others
• Like who?
• Wallace.