Transcript Exploring Space - Resurrection Science and Math

Exploring Space
Radiation From Space
• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Energy leaves a star in the form of radiation
• Transmitted by electromagnetic waves
• Waves arranged according to wavelengths
Speed of Light
300,000 km / sec.
186,000 mi / sec.
In a vacuum (space)
Energy Waves
• Crest – Top (highest point) of each wave
• Trough – Bottom (lowest point) of a wave
• Wavelength – Distance between successive
wave crests (troughs)
• Frequency – # of crests (troughs) that pass a
point in 1 second
• Amplitude – distance between a wave’s mid
point and its crest (trough)
Energy Waves (cont.)
• Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle
• 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz)
_________ the wavelength = _________ frequency
_________ the wavelength = _________ frequency
Energy Waves (cont.)
• Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle
• 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz)
The shorter the wavelength = _________ frequency
_________ the wavelength = _________ frequency
Energy Waves (cont.)
• Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle
• 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz)
The shorter the wavelength = Higher frequency
_________ the wavelength = _________ frequency
Energy Waves (cont.)
• Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle
• 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz)
The shorter the wavelength = Higher frequency
The longer the wavelength = _________ frequency
Energy Waves (cont.)
• Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle
• 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz)
The shorter the wavelength = Higher frequency
The longer the wavelength = Lower frequency
Light
• Made up of all colors of the spectrum
• Travels in a straight path
• Slows down as it travels through
different substances
R
O Y
G.
B
I V
R
O Y
G.
B
I V
Light
• Reflect – the bouncing of light off the
surface of a material
• Refract – the bending of light as it
passes from one substance to another
Prism: angular piece of
glass used to produce a
spectrum.
Colors
• White – all colors reflected
• Black – all colors absorbed
– You don’t “see” black
– Sensation when very little light of any color
reaches your eye
• Green – green, blue, yellow reflected
Why do you see
the colors that you see?
Why do you see
the colors that you see?
Why do you see
the colors that you see?
What happens when you wear a black
shirt on a hot summer day?
Why?
Rainbow Simulator
Telescope
Telescope (far.. seeing)
Telescope (far.. see)
Radio Telescopes
Optical Telescopes
Telescope (far.. see)
Radio Telescopes
collects and focuses radio waves
Optical Telescopes
Telescope (far.. see)
Radio Telescopes
collects and focuses radio waves
Optical Telescopes
collects and focuses light rays
Telescope (far.. see)
Radio Telescopes
Optical Telescopes
Refracting: uses a lens to bend light
to a focal point
Reflecting: uses a mirror to bounce
light to a focal point
Focal Length
focal
point
Focal Length
Objective
Lens
focal
point
Focal Length
Eyepiece
Objective
Lens
focal
point
Light rays from the eyepiece enter your eye before it crosses the
focal plane, therefore the image is not corrected (re-inverted).
Eyepiece
Objective
Lens
Focal Length
Eyepiece
Objective Lens
Magnification =
F (objective)
F (eyepiece)
Focal Length
Eyepiece
Objective Lens
Magnification =
700 mm
15 mm
Focal Length
Eyepiece
Objective Lens
Magnification =
46.6 x
Focal Length
Eyepiece
Objective Lens
Magnification =
700 mm
10 mm
Focal Length
Eyepiece
Objective Lens
Magnification =
70 x
Focal Length
Eyepiece
Objective Lens
Magnification =
700 mm
5 mm
Focal Length
Eyepiece
Objective Lens
Magnification =
140 x
Why pay for a
bigger lens?
How many dots do you see?
Look closely.
The ability to discriminate between two
points is called what?
The ability to discriminate between two
points is called what?
Resolution
Low
Resolution
High
Resolution
47x
47x
Now let’s see 150x
150x
47x
Same Resolution
Amateur astronomer often prefer observing with lower
magnification... it’s just more pleasing.
What is another advantage of a
large lens or mirror?
What is another advantage of a
large lens or mirror?
Light Collecting Ability
What is another advantage of a
large lens or mirror?
Light Collecting Ability
Imagine the pupil of your eye dilated in
the dark to a size of 8 or 16 inches!!
Look at this view through a small telescope.
Then click to the next slide and compare with the
same view through a larger telescope.
This view is the same magnification but
much brighter!
Binoculars with 35mm diameter lenses
Binoculars with 50mm diameter lenses
Lens shapes
Convex
Lens shapes
Convex
Concave
Lens shapes
Convex
Concave
Plano
Lens shapes
Lens shapes
biconvex
Lens shapes
biconvex
biconcave
Lens shapes
biconvex
biconcave
Lens shapes
biconvex
biconcave
plano-convex
Lens shapes
biconvex
plano-convex
biconcave
plano-concave
Converging = coming together
Diverging = going apart
Converging
Focal Length
Diverging
Focal Length?
Diverging
Virtual Focal Point
Diverging
Virtual Focal Point
Diverging
Focal
Length
Your Assignment
but don’t be sloppy!
Compare!
? cm
Bad!
? cm
? cm
o
45
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Focal Point
Parabola
Focal Length
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Radio
Receiver
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Radio
Transmitter
Parabola
Parabola
HEAT
Parabola
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
“Newtonian”
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
“Cassegrain”
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
“Schmidt”
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
“Schmidt -Cassegrain”