Transcript Boundless Study Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides
Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless Teaching
Platform
Boundless empowers educators to engage their students
with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive
teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform
gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in
more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular
titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books,
or make switching to our platform easier by building from
Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned
textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they
need to assign readings and assessments, monitor
student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made
teaching resources.
Using Boundless Presentations
The Appendix
The appendix is for you to use to add depth and
breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and
drop slides from the appendix into the main
presentation to make for a richer lecture
experience.
Get started now at:
http://boundless.com/teaching-platform
Free to edit, share, and copy
Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies
of the Boundless presentations as you like. We
encourage you to take these presentations and
make them your own.
If you have any questions or problems please email:
[email protected]
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
About Boundless
Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and
accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational
content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless
integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently
at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to
engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools
as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free
and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its
website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with
Boundless, visit boundless.com.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic
Waves
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
Applications of EM Waves
Boundless.com/physics?campaign_content=book_5818_c
hapter_24&campaign_term=Physics&utm_campaign=pow
erpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves > The Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Radio Waves
• Microwaves
• Infrared Waves
• Visible Light
• Ultraviolet Light
• X-Rays
• Gamma Rays
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics?campaign_content=book_5818_chapter_24&campaign_term=Physics&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=di
rect&utm_source=boundless
Electromagnetic Waves > The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio Waves
• The lowest frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is designated as
"radio," generally considered to have wavelengths within 1 millimeter to 100
kilometers or frequencies within 300 GHz to 3 kHz.
• There is a wide range of subcategories contained within radio including AM and
FM radio. Radio waves can be generated by natural sources such as lightning or
astronomical phenomena; or by artificial sources such as broadcast radio towers,
cell phones, satellites and radar.
• AM radio waves are used to carry commercial radio signals in the frequency
range from 540 to 1600 kHz. The abbreviation AM stands for amplitude
modulation—the method for placing information on these waves. AM waves have
Electromagnetic Spectrum
View on Boundless.com
constant frequency, but a varying amplitude.
• FM radio waves are also used for commercial radio transmission in the frequency
range of 88 to 108 MHz. FM stands for frequency modulation, which produces a
wave of constant amplitude but varying frequency.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/the-electromagnetic-spectrum-192/radio-waves-662-
Electromagnetic Waves > The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Microwaves
• The microwave region of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is generally
considered to overlap with the highest frequency (shortest wavelength) radio
waves.
• The prefix "micro-" in "microwave" is not meant to suggest a wavelength in the
micrometer range. It indicates that microwaves are "small" compared to waves
used in typical radio broadcasting in that they have shorter wavelengths.
• The microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum can be subdivided into
three ranges listed below from high to low frequencies: extremely high frequency
(30 to 300 GHz), super high frequency (3 to 30 GHz), and ultra-high frequency
(300 MHz to 3 GHz).
Electromagnetic Spectrum
View on Boundless.com
• Microwave sources include artificial devices such as circuits, transmission towers,
radar, masers, and microwave ovens, as well as natural sources such as the Sun
and the Cosmic Microwave Background.
• Microwaves can also be produced by atoms and molecules. They are, for
example, a component of electromagnetic radiation generated by thermal
agitation. The thermal motion of atoms and molecules in any object at a
temperature above absolute zero causes them to emit and absorb radiation.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/the-electromagnetic-spectrum-192/microwaves-663-
Electromagnetic Waves > The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Infrared Waves
• Infrared light includes most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room
temperature. Infrared light is emitted or absorbed by molecules when they change
their rotational-vibrational movements.
• The infrared portion of the spectrum can be divided into three regions in
wavelength: far-infrared, from 300 GHz (1 mm) to 30 THz (10 μm); mid-infrared,
from 30 to 120 THz (10 to 2.5 μm); and near-infrared, from 120 to 400 THz (2,500
to 750 nm).
• Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation," but light and
electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them.
• The concept of emissivity is important in understanding the infrared emissions of
Electromagnetic Spectrum
View on Boundless.com
objects. This is a property of a surface which describes how its thermal emissions
deviate from the ideal of a black body.
• Infrared radiation can be used to remotely determine the temperature of objects (if
the emissivity is known). This is termed thermography, mainly used in military and
industrial applications.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/the-electromagnetic-spectrum-192/infrared-waves-664-
Electromagnetic Waves > The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Visible Light
• Visible light is produced by vibrations and rotations of atoms and molecules, as
well as by electronic transitions within atoms and molecules. We say the atoms
and molecules are excited when they absorb and relax when they emit through
electronic transitions.
• This figure shows the visible part of the spectrum, together with the colors
associated with particular pure wavelengths. Red light has the lowest frequencies
and longest wavelengths, while violet has the highest frequencies and shortest
wavelengths.
• Colors that can be produced by visible light of a narrow band of wavelengths are
called pure spectral colors. They can be delineated roughly in wavelength as:
Electromagnetic Spectrum
View on Boundless.com
violet (380-450 nm), blue (450-495 nm), green (495-570 nm), yellow (570-590
nm), orange (590-620 nm), and red (620 to 750 nm).
• Visible wavelengths pass through the optical window, the Earth's atmosphere
allows this region of the electromagnetic spectrum to pass through largely
unattenuated (see opacity plot in.
• The portion of the EM spectrum used by photosynthesic organisms is called the
photosynthetically active region (PAR) and corresponds to solar radiation
between 400 and 700 nm, substantially overlapping with the range of human
vision.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/the-electromagnetic-spectrum-192/visible-light-665-
Electromagnetic Waves > The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Ultraviolet Light
• Ultraviolet light gets its name because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic
waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the color violet.
• Most UV is non-ionizing radiation, though UV with higher energies (10-120 nm) is
ionizing. All UV can have harmful effects on biological matter (such as causing
cancers) with the highest energies causing the most damage.
• The danger posed by lower energy UV radiation is derived from the ultraviolet
photon's power to alter chemical bonds in molecules, even without having enough
energy to ionize atoms.
• Solar UV radiation is commonly subdivided into three regions: UV-A (320–400
nm), UV-B (290–320 nm), and UV-C (220–290 nm), ranked from long to shorter
Electromagnetic Spectrum
View on Boundless.com
wavelengths (from smaller to larger energies).
• Most UV-B and all UV-C is absorbed by ozone (O3) molecules in the upper
atmosphere. Consequently, 99% of the solar UV radiation reaching the Earth's
surface is UV-A.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/the-electromagnetic-spectrum-192/ultraviolet-light-666-
Electromagnetic Waves > The Electromagnetic Spectrum
X-Rays
• X-rays have shorter wavelengths (higher energy) than UV waves and, generally,
longer wavelengths (lower energy) than gamma rays. Sometimes X-rays are
called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as their
discoverer.
• Because X-rays have very high energy they are known as ionizing radiation and
can harm living tissue. A very high radiation dose over a short amount of time
causes radiation sickness, while lower doses can give an increased risk of
radiation-induced cancer.
• Lower doses of X-ray radiation can be very effectively used in medical
radiography and X-ray spectroscopy. In the case of medical radiography, the
Electromagnetic Spectrum
View on Boundless.com
benefits of using X-rays for examination far outweighs the risk.
• X-rays are broken up into broad two categories: hard X-rays with energies above
5-10 keV (below 0.2-0.1 nm wavelength) and soft X-rays with energies 100 eV - 5
keV (10 - 0.1 nm wavelength). Hard X-rays are more useful for radiography
because they pass through tissue.
• The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays is somewhat arbitrary and there
is substantial overlap at the high energy boundary. However, in general they are
distinguished by their source, with gamma rays originating from the nucleus and
X-rays from the electrons in the atom.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/the-electromagnetic-spectrum-192/x-rays-667-
Electromagnetic Waves > The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Gamma Rays
• Gamma rays are the highest energy EM radiation and typically have energies
greater than 100 keV, frequencies greater than 1019 Hz, and wavelengths less
than 10 picometers.
• Gamma rays from radioactive decay are defined as gamma rays no matter what
their energy, so that there is no lower limit to gamma energy derived from
radioactive decay. Gamma decay commonly produces energies of a few hundred
keV, and almost always less than 10 MeV.
• Gamma rays have characteristics identical to X-rays of the same frequency—they
differ only in source. Gamma rays are usually distinguished by their origin: X-rays
are emitted by definition by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are
Gamma Decay
View on Boundless.com
emitted by the nucleus.
• Natural sources of gamma rays include gamma decay from naturally occurring
radioisotopes such as potassium-40, and also as a secondary radiation from
atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles. Exotic astrophysical processes
will also produce gamma rays.
• Gamma rays are ionizing radiation and are thus biologically hazardous. The most
biological damaging forms of gamma radiation occur at energies between 3 and
10 MeV.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/the-electromagnetic-spectrum-192/gamma-rays-668-
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
• Maxwell's Equations
• The Production of Electromagnetic Waves
• Energy and Momentum
• The Speed of Light
• The Doppler Effect
• Momentum Transfer and Radiation Pressure Atom
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics?campaign_content=book_5818_chapter_24&campaign_term=Physics&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=di
rect&utm_source=boundless
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
Maxwell's Equations
• Maxwell's four equations describe how electric charges and currents create
electric and magnetic fields, and how they affect each other.
• Gauss's law relates an electric field to the charge(s) that create(s) it.
• Gauss's law for magnetism states that there are no "magnetic charges" analogous
to electric charges, and that magnetic fields are instead generated by magnetic
dipoles.
• Faraday's law describes how a time-varying magnetic field (or flux) induces an
electric field. The principle behind this phenomenon is used in many electric
generators.
Example of Gauss's Law
• Ampere's law originally stated that a magnetic field is created by an electrical
View on Boundless.com
current. Maxwell added that a changing electric flux can also generate a magnetic
field.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/electromagnetic-waves-and-their-properties-193/maxwell-s-equations-669-
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
The Production of Electromagnetic Waves
• Electromagnetic waves consist of both electric and magnetic field waves. These
waves oscillate in perpendicular planes with respect to each other, and are in
phase.
• The creation of all electromagnetic waves begins with an oscillating charged
particle, which creates oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
• Once in motion, the electric and magnetic fields a charged particle creates are
self-perpetuating: time-dependent changes in one field (electric or magnetic)
produce the other.
Electromagnetic Wave
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/electromagnetic-waves-and-their-properties-193/the-production-of-electromagnetic-waves-670-
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
Energy and Momentum
• Max Planck proved that energy of a photon (a stream of which is an
electromagnetic wave) is quantized and can exist in multiples of "Planck's
constant" (denoted as h, approximately equal to 6.626×10-34 J·s).
Wavelength
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/electromagnetic-waves-and-their-properties-193/energy-and-momentum-671-
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
• [Equation 1] describes the energy (E) of a photon as a function of frequency (f), or wavelength (λ).
Equation 1
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/electromagnetic-waves-and-their-properties-193/energy-and-momentum-671-
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
• [Equation 2]describes the momentum (p) of a photon as a function of its energy, frequency, or
wavelength.
Equation 2
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/electromagnetic-waves-and-their-properties-193/energy-and-momentum-671-
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
The Speed of Light
• The maximum possible value for the speed of light is that of light in a vacuum,
and this speed is used for a constant in many area of physics.
• c is the symbol used to represent the speed of light in a vacuum, and its value is
299,792,458 meters per second.
• When light travels through medium, its speed is hindered by the index of
refraction of that medium. Its actual speed can be found with: v=\frac{c}{n}.
Light Going from Earth to the Moon
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/electromagnetic-waves-and-their-properties-193/the-speed-of-light-672-
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
The Doppler Effect
• The Doppler effect is very commonly observed in action.
• The Doppler effect can be observed in the apparent change in pitch of a siren on
an emergency vehicle, according to a stationary observer.
• The observer will notice the Doppler effect on the pitch of the stationary siren
when moving relative to its pitch, or if the medium moves when the observer is
stationary.
The Doppler Effect and Sirens
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/electromagnetic-waves-and-their-properties-193/the-doppler-effect-673-
Electromagnetic Waves > Electromagnetic Waves and their Properties
Momentum Transfer and Radiation Pressure Atom
• Photons carry momentum (p = E/c). When photons are absorbed or reflected on a
surface, the surface receives momentum kicks. This momentum transfer leads to
radiation pressure.
• Electromagnetic radiation applies radiation pressure equal to the Intensity (of light
beam) divided by c (speed of light).
• Laser cooling uses radiation pressure to remove energy from atomic gases. The
technique can produce cold samples of gases at 1mK or so.
Halley's Comet
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/electromagnetic-waves-and-their-properties-193/momentum-transfer-and-radiation-pressure-atom-
Electromagnetic Waves > Applications of EM Waves
Applications of EM Waves
• Wireless Communication
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics?campaign_content=book_5818_chapter_24&campaign_term=Physics&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=di
rect&utm_source=boundless
Electromagnetic Waves > Applications of EM Waves
Wireless Communication
• Wireless operations permit services, such as long-range communications, that are
impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires.
• The most common wireless technologies use electromagnetic wireless
telecommunications, such as radio.
• Less common methods of achieving wireless communications include the use of
light, sound, magnetic, or electric fields.
Two cellular phones
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-11181291729781118129173/electromagnetic-waves-24/applications-of-em-waves-194/wireless-communication-675-
Appendix
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Key terms
• AM radio waves Waves used to carry commercial radio signals between 540 and 1600 kHz. Information is carried by amplitude
variation, while the frequency remains constant.
• classical electrodynamics A branch of theoretical physics that studies consequences of the electromagnetic forces between
electric charges and currents.
• conductor A material which contains movable electric charges.
• differential equation An equation involving the derivatives of a function.
• doppler effect Apparent change in frequency of a wave when the observer and the source of the wave move relative to each
other.
• doppler effect Apparent change in frequency of a wave when the observer and the source of the wave move relative to each
other.
• electromagnetic wave A wave of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
• emissivity The energy-emitting propensity of a surface, usually measured at a specific wavelength.
• flux A quantitative description of the transfer of a given vector quantity through a surface. In this context, we refer to the electric
flux and magnetic flux.
• FM radio waves Waves used to carry commercial radio signals between 88 and 108 MHz. Information is carried by frequency
modulation, while the signal amplitude remains constant.
• frequency The quotient of the number of times n a periodic phenomenon occurs over the time t in which it occurs: f = n / t.
• gamma decay A nuclear reaction with the emission of a gamma ray.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
• gamma ray A very high frequency (and therefore very high energy) electromagnetic radiation emitted as a consequence of
radioactivity.
• ionizing radiation high-energy radiation that is capable of causing ionization in substances through which it passes; also
includes high-energy particles
• ionizing radiation high-energy radiation that is capable of causing ionization in substances through which it passes; also
includes high-energy particles
• non-ionizing radiation Radiation that does not cause atmospheric ionization; electrically neutral radiation.
• optical window the optical portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that passes through the atmosphere all the way to the
ground. The window runs from around 300 nanometers (ultraviolet-C) at the short end up into the range the eye can use,
roughly 400-700 nm and continues up through the visual infrared to around 1100 nm, which is thermal infrared.
• ozone layer A region of the stratosphere, between 15 and 30 kilometres in altitude, containing a relatively high concentration of
ozone; it absorbs most solar ultraviolet radiation.
• phase Waves are said to be "in phase" when they begin at the same part (e.g., crest) of their respective cycles.
• photon The quantum of light and other electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero rest mass, no
electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime.
• radar A method of detecting distant objects and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by analysis of sent
radio waves (usually microwaves) reflected from their surfaces.
• radio wave Electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about .5 centimeters and 30,000 meters; used for the
broadcasting of radio and television signals.
• radio waves Designates a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum having frequencies ranging from 300 GHz to 3 kHz, or
equivalently, wavelengths from 1 millimeter to 100 kilometers.
• radiograph An image, often a photographic negative, produced by radiation other than normal light; especially an X-ray
photograph.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
• refractive index The ratio of the speed of light in air or vacuum to that in another medium.
• special relativity A theory that (neglecting the effects of gravity) reconciles the principle of relativity with the observation that the
speed of light is constant in all frames of reference.
• spectral color a color that is evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of
wavelengths. Every wavelength of light is perceived as a spectral color, in a continuous spectrum; the colors of sufficiently
close wavelengths are indistinguishable.
• telecommunication The science and technology of the communication or messages over a distance, especially using electric,
electronic or electromagnetic impulses.
• terahertz radiation Electromagnetic waves with frequencies around one terahertz.
• thermal agitation The thermal motion of atoms and molecules in any object at a temperature above absolute zero, causing
them to emit and absorb radiation.
• thermal radiation The electromagnetic radiation emitted from a body as a consequence of its temperature; increasing the
temperature of the body increases the amount of radiation produced, and shifts it to shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies) in
a manner explained only by quantum mechanics.
• thermography Any of several techniques for the remote measurement of the temperature variations of a body, especially by
creating images produced by infrared radiation.
• visible light the part of the electromagnetic spectrum, between infrared and ultraviolet, that is visible to the human eye
• wavelength The length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the
next; it is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency.
• x-ray crystallography A technique in which the patterns formed by the diffraction of X-rays on passing through a crystalline
substance yield information on the lattice structure of the crystal, and the molecular structure of the substance.
• X-ray spectroscopy The use of an X-ray spectrometer for chemical analysis.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
FM Radio
Frequency modulation for FM radio. (a) A carrier wave at the station's basic frequency. (b) An audio signal at much lower audible frequencies. (c) The
frequency of the carrier is modulated by the audio signal without changing its amplitude.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves. The range of frequencies and wavelengths is remarkable. The
dividing line between some categories is distinct, whereas other categories overlap. Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio
section of the EM spectrum.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
X-Ray Spectrum and Applications
X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelengths shorter than those of visible light. Different applications use different parts of the X-ray
spectrum.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "X-rays." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rays View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
The Doppler Effect and Sirens
Waves emitted by a siren in a moving vehicle
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Dopplerfrequenz." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dopplerfrequenz.gif View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Wavelength
Wavelength of the sinusoidal function is represented by λ.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Sine wavelength." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sine_wavelength.svg View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Light Going from Earth to the Moon
A beam of light is depicted travelling between the Earth and the Moon in the time it takes a light pulse to move between them: 1.255 seconds at their
mean orbital (surface-to-surface) distance. The relative sizes and separation of the Earth–Moon system are shown to scale.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Speed of light." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Wave
Electromagnetic waves are a self-propagating transverse wave of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The direction of the electric field is indicated in
blue, the magnetic field in red, and the wave propagates in the positive x-direction. Notice that the electric and magnetic field waves are in phase.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Onde electromagnetique." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Onde_electromagnetique.svg View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves
Electric (red) and magnetic (blue) waves propagate in phase sinusoidally, and perpendicularly to one another.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Electromagneticwave3D." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electromagneticwave3D.gif View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Atmospheric Transmittance
This is a plot of Earth's atmospheric transmittance (or opacity) to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Most UV wavelengths are absorbed
by oxygen and ozone in Earth's atmosphere. Observations of astronomical UV sources must be done from space.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum#Microwaves View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves. The range of frequencies and wavelengths is remarkable. The
dividing line between some categories is distinct, whereas other categories overlap. Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio
section of the EM spectrum.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
AM Radio
Amplitude modulation for AM radio. (a) A carrier wave at the station's basic frequency. (b) An audio signal at much lower audible frequencies. (c) The
amplitude of the carrier is modulated by the audio signal without changing its basic frequency.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves. The range of frequencies and wavelengths is remarkable. The
dividing line between some categories is distinct, whereas other categories overlap. Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio
section of the EM spectrum.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Field lines caused by a magnetic dipole
The field lines created by this magnetic dipole either form loops or extend infinitely.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "VFPt dipole magnetic1." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VFPt_dipole_magnetic1.svg View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves. The range of frequencies and wavelengths is remarkable. The
dividing line between some categories is distinct, whereas other categories overlap. Microwaves overlap with the high frequency portion of the radio
section of the EM spectrum.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Cosmic Microwave Background
Cosmic background radiation of the Big Bang mapped with increasing resolution.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Microwaves." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwaves View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Atmospheric Transmittance
This is a plot of Earth's atmospheric transmittance (or opacity) to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Most UV wavelengths are absorbed
by oxygen and ozone in Earth's atmosphere. Observations of astronomical UV sources must be done from space.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum#Microwaves View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Gamma Ray Sky Map
This is an image of the entire sky in 100 MeV or greater gamma rays as seen by the EGRET instrument aboard the CGRO spacecraft. Bright spots
within the galactic plane are pulsars (spinning neutron stars with strong magnetic fields), while those above and below the plane are thought to be
quasars (galaxies with supermassive black holes actively accreting matter).
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Gamma rays." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_rays View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Atmospheric Transmittance
This is a plot of Earth's atmospheric opacity (opposite of transmittance) to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Visible
light passes relatively unimpeded through the atmosphere in the "optical window." Most UV wavelengths are absorbed by oxygen and ozone in Earth's
atmosphere. Observations of astronomical UV sources must be done from space.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum#Microwaves View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
DNA UV Mutation
Ultraviolet photons harm the DNA molecules of living organisms in different ways. In one common damage event, adjacent thymine bases bond with
each other, instead of across the "ladder. " This "thymine dimer" makes a bulge, and the distorted DNA molecule does not function properly.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Ultraviolet." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Gamma Decay
Illustration of an emission of a gamma ray (γ) from an atomic nucleus
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Gamma rays." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_rays View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Example of Gauss's Law
A positive charge contained within a region of space creates an electric field that emanates from the surface of that region.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikimedia. "GaussLaw1." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/GaussLaw1.svg View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
The Magneto Optical Trap
Experimental setup of Magneto Optical Trap (MOT), which uses radiation pressure to cool atomic species. Atoms are slowed down by absorbing (and
emitting) photons.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Magneto-optical trap." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto-optical_trap View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Halley's Comet
As a comet approaches the inner Solar System, solar radiation causes the volatile materials within the comet to vaporize and stream out of the nucleus.
The streams of dust and gas thus released form an atmosphere around the comet (called the coma), and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's
radiation pressure and solar wind cause the formation of an enormous tail that points away from the Sun.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Comet." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves. The range of frequencies and wavelengths is remarkable. The
dividing line between some categories is distinct, whereas other categories overlap. Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio
section of the EM spectrum.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Visible Spectrum
A small part of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes its visible components. The divisions between infrared, visible, and ultraviolet are not perfectly
distinct, nor are those between the seven rainbow colors.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves. The range of frequencies and wavelengths is remarkable. The
dividing line between some categories is distinct, whereas other categories overlap. Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio
section of the EM spectrum.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Cavity Magnetron
Cutaway view inside a cavity magnetron as used in a microwave oven.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Microwaves." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwaves View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Two cellular phones
The Qualcomm QCP-2700, a mid-1990s candybar style phone, and an iPhone 4S, a current production smartphone.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Two Cell Phones." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Two_Cell_Phones.png View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Thermography
A thermographic image of a dog
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Infrared radiation." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_radiation View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
The Doppler Effect
Wavelength change due to the motion of source
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Doppler effect diagrammatic." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Doppler_effect_diagrammatic.png View on Boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) less than 10 picometers
B) between 0.74 µm and 1 mm
C) between 1 millimeter and 100 kilometers
D) between one meter and one millimeter
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) less than 10 picometers
B) between 0.74 µm and 1 mm
C) between 1 millimeter and 100 kilometers
D) between one meter and one millimeter
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Natural sources of radio waves include
A) broadcast radio towers
B) cell phones
C) satellites and radar
D) lightning and astronomical phenomena
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Natural sources of radio waves include
A) broadcast radio towers
B) cell phones
C) satellites and radar
D) lightning and astronomical phenomena
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
AM waves have
A) constant amplitude but varying frequency
B) constant amplitude and frequency
C) varying frequency and amplitude
D) constant frequency but a varying amplitude
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
AM waves have
A) constant amplitude but varying frequency
B) constant amplitude and frequency
C) varying frequency and amplitude
D) constant frequency but a varying amplitude
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) between one meter to one millimeter
B) less than 10 picometers
C) between 390 nm to 750 nm
D) between 0.74 µm and 1 mm
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) between one meter to one millimeter
B) less than 10 picometers
C) between 390 nm to 750 nm
D) between 0.74 µm and 1 mm
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Extremely high frequency micro waves belong to the
A) 30 GHz to 300 GHz range
B) 3 GHz to 30 GHz range
C) 300 MHz to 3 GHz range
D) 30 MHz to 300 MHz range
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Extremely high frequency micro waves belong to the
A) 30 GHz to 300 GHz range
B) 3 GHz to 30 GHz range
C) 300 MHz to 3 GHz range
D) 30 MHz to 300 MHz range
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Infrared waves are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
between
A) less than 10 picometers
B) between one meter to one millimeter
C) between 0.74 µm and 1 mm
D) between 390 nm to 750 nm
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Infrared waves are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
between
A) less than 10 picometers
B) between one meter to one millimeter
C) between 0.74 µm and 1 mm
D) between 390 nm to 750 nm
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Far-infrared waves belong to the
A) 300 GHz to 30 THz range
B) 30 THz to 120 THz range
C) 120 THz to 400 THz range
D) 30 GHz to 300 GHz range
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Far-infrared waves belong to the
A) 300 GHz to 30 THz range
B) 30 THz to 120 THz range
C) 120 THz to 400 THz range
D) 30 GHz to 300 GHz range
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Infrared light is emitted or absorbed by molecules when
A) intermolecular bonds are broken or new intermolecular bonds are
created
B) the rotational-vibrational movements are changed
C) electrons move from one orbital to another
D) intramolecular bonds are broken or new intramolecular bonds are
created
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Infrared light is emitted or absorbed by molecules when
A) intermolecular bonds are broken or new intermolecular bonds are
created
B) the rotational-vibrational movements are changed
C) electrons move from one orbital to another
D) intramolecular bonds are broken or new intramolecular bonds are
created
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Visible light are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
between
A) between 10 nm and 400 nm
B) between 0.74 µm and 1 mm
C) between 390 nm to 750 nm
D) less than 10 picometers
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Visible light are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
between
A) between 10 nm and 400 nm
B) between 0.74 µm and 1 mm
C) between 390 nm to 750 nm
D) less than 10 picometers
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Blue part of the visible spectrum corresponds to the
A) 495-570 nm range
B) 450-495 nm range
C) 380-450 nm range
D) 620-750 nm range
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Blue part of the visible spectrum corresponds to the
A) 495-570 nm range
B) 450-495 nm range
C) 380-450 nm range
D) 620-750 nm range
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Visible light can be produced by
A) vibrations of atoms and molecules
B) rotations of atoms and molecules
C) electronic transitions within atoms and molecules
D) All of these answers
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Visible light can be produced by
A) vibrations of atoms and molecules
B) rotations of atoms and molecules
C) electronic transitions within atoms and molecules
D) All of these answers
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Ultraviolet light are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) between 390 nm to 750 nm
B) less than 10 picometers
C) between 10 nm and 400 nm
D) between one meter to one millimeter
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Ultraviolet light are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) between 390 nm to 750 nm
B) less than 10 picometers
C) between 10 nm and 400 nm
D) between one meter to one millimeter
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Exposure of the biological matter to the ultraviolet light
A) does not have harmful effects
B) can have harmful effects with the lowest energies causing the most
damage
C) can have harmful effects; damage does not depend on the energy
D) can have harmful effects with the highest energies causing the most
damage
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Exposure of the biological matter to the ultraviolet light
A) does not have harmful effects
B) can have harmful effects with the lowest energies causing the most
damage
C) can have harmful effects; damage does not depend on the energy
D) can have harmful effects with the highest energies causing the most
damage
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
X-rays are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) less than 10 picometers
B) between 1 millimeter and 100 kilometers
C) between 0.01 to 10 nanometers
D) between one meter and one millimeter
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
X-rays are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) less than 10 picometers
B) between 1 millimeter and 100 kilometers
C) between 0.01 to 10 nanometers
D) between one meter and one millimeter
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Exposure to X-rays can lead to
A) radiation sickness (low dose) or increased risk of radiation-induced
cancer (high dose)
B) headache (low dose) or increased risk of radiation-induced cancer
(high dose)
C) radiation sickness (high dose) or increased risk of radiation-induced
cancer (low dose)
D) headache (low dose) or increased risk of acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (high dose)
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Exposure to X-rays can lead to
A) radiation sickness (low dose) or increased risk of radiation-induced
cancer (high dose)
B) headache (low dose) or increased risk of radiation-induced cancer
(high dose)
C) radiation sickness (high dose) or increased risk of radiation-induced
cancer (low dose)
D) headache (low dose) or increased risk of acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (high dose)
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Hard X-rays belong to the
A) 5 keV -10 keV range
B) 100 eV -5 keV range
C) 5 eV -100 eV range
D) 10 keV -100 keV range
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Hard X-rays belong to the
A) 5 keV -10 keV range
B) 100 eV -5 keV range
C) 5 eV -100 eV range
D) 10 keV -100 keV range
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) between 1 millimeter and 100 kilometers
B) between 10 nm and 400 nm
C) less than 10 picometers
D) between 390 nm to 750 nm
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths
A) between 1 millimeter and 100 kilometers
B) between 10 nm and 400 nm
C) less than 10 picometers
D) between 390 nm to 750 nm
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Gamma rays and X-rays
A) belong to the same frequency range and have similar source
B) belong to different frequency ranges and differ in source
C) belong to different frequency ranges and have similar source
D) belong to the same frequency range and differ only in source
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Gamma rays and X-rays
A) belong to the same frequency range and have similar source
B) belong to different frequency ranges and differ in source
C) belong to different frequency ranges and have similar source
D) belong to the same frequency range and differ only in source
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Exposure to gamma rays can lead to
A) All of these answers
B) radiation burns to the skin
C) radiation sickness
D) cancer
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Exposure to gamma rays can lead to
A) All of these answers
B) radiation burns to the skin
C) radiation sickness
D) cancer
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Maxwell's equations are a set of four partial differential equations
that, along with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of
A) classical electrodynamics, classical optics, and quantum mechanics
B) quantum electrodynamics and quantum mechanics
C) classical electrodynamics, classical optics, and electric circuits
D) general theory of relativity
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Maxwell's equations are a set of four partial differential equations
that, along with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of
A) classical electrodynamics, classical optics, and quantum mechanics
B) quantum electrodynamics and quantum mechanics
C) classical electrodynamics, classical optics, and electric circuits
D) general theory of relativity
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Faraday's law
A) describes how a time-varying magnetic field induces an electric field
B) relates an electric field to the charge(s) that create(s) it
C) states that there are no "magnetic charges" analogous to electric
charges
D) states that magnetic field can be created by electrical current
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Faraday's law
A) describes how a time-varying magnetic field induces an electric field
B) relates an electric field to the charge(s) that create(s) it
C) states that there are no "magnetic charges" analogous to electric
charges
D) states that magnetic field can be created by electrical current
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
The genesis of an electromagnetic wave begins with a
A) charged particle that has an electric field and produces a magnetic
field during movement
B) charged particle that has an electric field and produces a magnetic
field when remains static
C) neutral particle
D) neutral particle moving in a field produced by a charged particle
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
The genesis of an electromagnetic wave begins with a
A) charged particle that has an electric field and produces a magnetic
field during movement
B) charged particle that has an electric field and produces a magnetic
field when remains static
C) neutral particle
D) neutral particle moving in a field produced by a charged particle
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
The electric and magnetic fields are self-perpetuating because
time-based changes in
A) one field (electric or magnetic) affect the other
B) the electric field affect the magnetic field
C) the magnetic field affect the electric field
D) one field (electric or magnetic) do not affect the other
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
The electric and magnetic fields are self-perpetuating because
time-based changes in
A) one field (electric or magnetic) affect the other
B) the electric field affect the magnetic field
C) the magnetic field affect the electric field
D) one field (electric or magnetic) do not affect the other
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
The maximum possible value for the speed of light is
A) that of light in air
B) that of light in water
C) 299,792,458 miles per hour
D) that of light in a vacuum
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
The maximum possible value for the speed of light is
A) that of light in air
B) that of light in water
C) 299,792,458 miles per hour
D) that of light in a vacuum
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
The Doppler Effect is the change
A) of the elapsed time between two events as measured by observers
moving relative to each other
B) in a wave's perceived frequency that results from the source's motion,
the observer, and the medium
C) in the length of an object travelling at a speed approaching speed of
light
D) in the mass of an object travelling at a speed approaching speed of
light
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
The Doppler Effect is the change
A) of the elapsed time between two events as measured by observers
moving relative to each other
B) in a wave's perceived frequency that results from the source's motion,
the observer, and the medium
C) in the length of an object travelling at a speed approaching speed of
light
D) in the mass of an object travelling at a speed approaching speed of
light
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
When an emergency vehicle continues away from the observer,
the pitch is perceived
A) higher than it actually is
B) louder than it actually is
C) as it actually is
D) lower than it actually is
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
When an emergency vehicle continues away from the observer,
the pitch is perceived
A) higher than it actually is
B) louder than it actually is
C) as it actually is
D) lower than it actually is
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Radiation pressure is formed through the transfer of
A) mass
B) energy
C) spin
D) momentum
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Radiation pressure is formed through the transfer of
A) mass
B) energy
C) spin
D) momentum
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Laser cooling uses radiation pressure to
A) remove energy from atomic gases
B) supply energy to atomic gases
C) accelerate atoms in the gaseous state
D) sublime solids
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Laser cooling uses radiation pressure to
A) remove energy from atomic gases
B) supply energy to atomic gases
C) accelerate atoms in the gaseous state
D) sublime solids
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Less common methods of achieving wireless communications
include
A) use of light, sound, radio, and infra-red signals
B) use of magnetic fields, electric fields, radio, and infra-red signals
C) use of light, sound, magnetic, and electric fields
D) use of radio and infra-red signals
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
Less common methods of achieving wireless communications
include
A) use of light, sound, radio, and infra-red signals
B) use of magnetic fields, electric fields, radio, and infra-red signals
C) use of light, sound, magnetic, and electric fields
D) use of radio and infra-red signals
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
One of the best-known examples of wireless technology is the
A) cable television
B) fiber-optic communication system
C) telephone network
D) mobile (or cellular) phone
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
One of the best-known examples of wireless technology is the
A) cable television
B) fiber-optic communication system
C) telephone network
D) mobile (or cellular) phone
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
The most common wireless technologies use
A) magnetic fileds
B) electric fields
C) light and sound
D) electromagnetic wireless telecommunications, such as radio
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
The most common wireless technologies use
A) magnetic fileds
B) electric fields
C) light and sound
D) electromagnetic wireless telecommunications, such as radio
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Electromagnetic Waves
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Doppler effect." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/doppler-effect--2
• Wikipedia. "Wireless communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_communication
• Wikipedia. "Wireless communication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_communication
• Wiktionary. "telecommunication." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/telecommunication
• Wiktionary. "radio wave." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/radio+wave
• Wikipedia. "conductor." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conductor
• Wikipedia. "Radiation pressure." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pressure
• Wikipedia. "classical electrodynamics." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/classical%20electrodynamics
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/doppler-effect--2
• Wikipedia. "Ultra high frequency." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency
• Wikipedia. "Microwaves." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwaves
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
• Wikipedia. "Super high frequency." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_high_frequency
• Wikipedia. "Extremely high frequency." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_high_frequency
• Wiktionary. "radar." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/radar
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/thermal-agitation
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
• Wiktionary. "terahertz radiation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terahertz+radiation
• Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
• Wikipedia. "Radio frequency." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency
• Wikipedia. "Radio waves." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waves
• Wikipedia. "Radio spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/fm-radio-waves
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/am-radio-waves
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/radio-waves
• Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
• Wikipedia. "X-rays." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rays
• Wiktionary. "radiograph." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/radiograph
• Wiktionary. "X-ray spectroscopy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/X-ray+spectroscopy
• Wikipedia. "x-ray crystallography." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/x-ray%20crystallography
• Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7
• Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
• Wiktionary. "ozone layer." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ozone+layer
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
• Wiktionary. "non-ionizing radiation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/non-ionizing+radiation
• Wiktionary. "ionizing radiation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ionizing+radiation
• Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
• Wikipedia. "Gamma rays." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_rays
• Wiktionary. "gamma decay." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gamma+decay
• Wiktionary. "ionizing radiation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ionizing+radiation
• Wiktionary. "gamma ray." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gamma+ray
• Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7
• Wikipedia. "Infrared radiation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_radiation
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
• Wiktionary. "thermography." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thermography
• Wiktionary. "emissivity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emissivity
• Wiktionary. "thermal radiation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thermal+radiation
• Wikipedia. "Maxwell's equations." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell's_equations
• Wiktionary. "flux." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flux
• Wiktionary. "differential equation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/differential+equation
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic radiation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation
• Wiktionary. "frequency." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frequency
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Electromagnetic Waves
• Wiktionary. "wavelength." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wavelength
• Wikipedia. "photon." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/photon
• Wikipedia. "Speed of light." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light
• Wiktionary. "refractive index." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/refractive+index
• Wiktionary. "special relativity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/special+relativity
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic radiation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation
• Wiktionary. "phase." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phase
• Wikipedia. "electromagnetic wave." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electromagnetic%20wave
• Connexions. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42444/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7
• Wikipedia. "Electromagnetic spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
• Wikipedia. "Visible spectrum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_spectrum
• Wikipedia. "Spectral color." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_color
• Wiktionary. "visible light." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/visible+light
• Wikipedia. "optical window." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/optical%20window
• Wikipedia. "spectral color." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/spectral%20color
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com