Transcript Principles and Elements of Floral Design

Principles of Floral Design
4 Main Types of Flowers
Line flowers
Long, slender spikes of blossoms with
flowers blooming along the stem.
Can also include bare stems.
Used to establish the skeleton or outline of
the arrangement.
Determine height and width of the
arrangement.
Mass flowers
Single stem flowers with large, rounded
heads.
Also used when no line flowers are
present to create outline of arrangement.
Sometimes used as the focal point or main
flower of an arrangement.
Filler flowers
Used to fill gaps between mass flowers.
Give depth to the arrangement.
Should compliment the mass and line
flowers
They are bunchy or feathery (so ferns fall
here).
Usually the most inexpensive part of the
arrangement.
Form flowers
 These flowers have an unusual or distinctive
shape.
 They also help create the focal point.
 They need to be separated within the
arrangement so they maintain their identity and
uniqueness.
 Never bunch form flowers together.
 Many times they can stand alone such as in
corsages and boutonnieres.
Elements & Principles
of Floral Design
Elements of Floral Design
 Line
 Form
 Space
 Texture
 Pattern
 Fragrance
 Size
 Color
Line
The visual pathway that directs eye
movement through a composition
•Distance between two points
Line directions:
 Vertical lines—stress height and suggest power
and strength
 Horizontal lines—stress width and are peaceful
and calm, provide a sense of stability
 Diagonal line—dynamically energetic, causing
more eye movement. Use sparingly
 Curved line—suggest motion, but are softer,
more comforting. Eye moves quickly through
design.
Vertical line--Power and strength
Horizontal linePeaceful and calm
Diagonal lineDynamically energetic,
suggest motion
Curved lineSofter suggestion of
motion
Form
the shape or configuration of an individual
component of the composition. The
overall, three-dimensional, geometric
shape or configuration of a floral
composition.
Space
the area in, around, and between the
components of the design, defined by the
three-dimensional area occupied by the
composition.
Positive space
Negative space
Texture
The surface quality of a material, as
perceived by sight or touch
Smooth, coarse, waxy, rough, delicate, velvety
Texture
Texture
Texture
Pattern
A repeated combination of line, form,
color, texture, and/or space.
Variegated markings, speckles
Any element used more than once
Pattern
Pattern—what is repeated
Fragrance
A sweet or pleasing odor, perceived by the
sense of smell.
heightens our awareness
increases sensory enjoyment
triggers memory
Using all 5 senses
Size
The physical dimensions of line, form, or
space
First considerations
Emotional aspect
Color
The visual response of the eye to reflected
rays of light
most important design element
Optical sensation, originating in the brain’s
perception of light energy reflected to the eye
from a pigmented surface.
Emotional response
Color
Principles of Floral
Design
Principles of design-fundamental guidelines to
aesthetic design that govern the organization of the
elements and materials in accordance with the laws of
nature. Some primary principals of design are
associated with related secondary principles of design.
Principles
of Floral Design
 Balance
 Proportion
 Scale
 Dominance
 Emphasis
 Focal Area
 Accent
 Rhythm
 Depth
 Repetition
 Transition
 Contrast
 Opposition
 Tension
 Variation
 Harmony
 Unity
Balance
gives a sense of equilibrium and repose, a
feeling of three-dimensional stability.
.
Physical also known as mechanical
balance—sound
Visual balance—sense of equilibrium
Easily falls over
Or looks like it will easily tip over
Visually balanced
Balance
symmetrical balance—known as formal
balance, flowers are repeated on opposite
sides of the floral arrangement. Using an
imaginary central axis, one side of the
arrangement is the mirror image of the
other.
Asymmetrical balance—known as
informal balance. Formed by placing
unequal visual weight on each side of a
central vertical axis.
Balance
Radial balance—radiate from a central
point like the spokes of a wheel or the rays
of the sun.
Symmetrical-one side mirrors the other
Asymmetrical-two sides are dissimilar but have equal visual weight or equal
eye attraction which creates visual balance
Symmetrical vs. Asymmetrical
Radial Balance
Radial balance--Not separate from symmetrical or asymmetrical,
but merely a fine distinction of one or the other
Radial Balance
Symmetrical but too perfect—rendering a contrived and fake appearance
Near symmetrical
Not symmetrical in placement but arranged in a near-symmetrical pattern to
form a balanced, formal shape
Proportion
The comparative relationship in size,
quantity, and degree of emphasis among
components within the composition; the
relationship of one portion to another, or of
one portion to the whole.
design should be 1 ½ to 2 times the height or
width of the container
Greek golden section in which the ration of vase to flowers is
3 to 5 or roughly 5 to 8
Golden mean refers to the division of a line somewhere
between ½ and 1/3 its length
Flower design slightly off center
Overall size of a floral arrangement or its parts
compared with other objects or their parts.
Scale floral elements with each other
Scale
The relative ratio of size, or the
relationship of the size of a composition to
the surrounding area or environment.
Arrangements should fit on the table physically and visually and be in
proportion to the surrounding area
Small table small room small arrangement
Large to permit viewing from a distance
Dominance
The visual organization within a design
that emphasizes one or more aspects.
When one element is emphasized, others
are subordinate.
Emphasis
The special attention or importance given
to one or more areas within a design.
Directs eye to more important areas
Focal Area
The area of greatest visual impact or
weight; the center of interest to which the
eye is most naturally drawn.
Center of gravity or balance
Where eye is drawn
Where the eye rests
One element different than others
Focal Point
Focal Point
Focal Point
Accent
Detail added to a design to provide
additional interest, affecting the total
character of the composition.
Enlivens
Dash of something
Accessories
Accent
Accent
Rhythm
Flow or movement characterized by
regular recurrence of elements or features
Use repeated patterns and graceful
spacing.
The goal is to create a visual pathway that
leads the viewer’s eye around and through
the design, then back to the focal point.
Depth
Three-dimensional arrangement
overlap or angle flowers
place bright, dark flowers on the bottom of the
arrangement, lighter and smaller at the top
Repetition
The recurrence of like elements within a
composition
Repetition
Transition
The ease of visual movement which
results from gradual degrees of change
among one or more of the elements
Contrast
Emphasis by means of difference.
Contrast--color
Opposition
Contrast between elements which are
counterpoint in relation to each other.
Call attention to each other by being opposite
whereas contrast is simply different from each
other
Opposition—black & white
Contrast in color simplest way to create strong focal point
Tension
Implying or suggesting a sense of energy
Polarity—drawn together or pushed apart
Knot a leaf-energy has been exerted or applied
New bulb forcing out of soil
Ready to spring or snap
Tension—something is waiting to
happen
Variation
Dissimilarity among attributes or
characteristics.
Diversity among elements
Vary stages of development
All one color of flower, but different flowers
Proximity-combining flowers into one design
Repetition-repeating similar elements such as color
Transition-providing a gradual change from one part of a design to another
Harmony
Compatibility; a pleasing or congruent
arrangement of parts.
 All parts should go together or
“harmonize” with each other.
Lack a sense of harmony
Harmony by added accessories which support football or homecoming theme
All component parts of a floral composition should harmonize with one another. It
is vital that the flowers in a design are compatible with one another in order to
support an overall design style.
Terra-cotta post and blush tones flowers create a casual garden ambiance for
this celebration setting. Harmony of the parts displays unity in design
Unity
--the state of being one, united, or complete
in itself.
The arrangement is seen as a whole piece
instead of only individual parts.
Oneness of purpose, thought, style, and
spirit.
Accessories
Candles
Plums, kiwi enhance an overall harmonious theme
Examples of Line and Sticks
Design Assignment