Transcript b - GPSM

Space Plasma Physics and Magnetometry Group
O. Marghitu, M. Echim, H. Comişel,
O.D. Constantinescu, A. Blăgău, C. Bunescu, M. Ciobanu
National Institute for Lasers Plasma and Radiation Physics
Institute for Space Sciences
July 6, 2004
Background: The terrestrial magnetosphere
Outline
A.Goals
B.Scientific themes
C.Main achievements
D.Selection of scientific results
A Goals A
1. Contribution to the scientific processing of the data collected by
the space missions:
CLUSTER — sci.esa.int/cluster
INTERBALL — www.iki.rssi.ru/interball
FAST — plasma2.ssl.berkeley.edu/fast
EQUATOR-S — www.mpe.mpg.de/EQS
2. Theoretical investigation of the solar wind – magnetosphere –
ionosphere system.
3. Preparation for ESA (PECS, PRODEX, …), EU (FP6, …), and
NASA (… ?) programs.
B Scientific Themes B
 Methods to derive the satellite attitude based on magnetic field
data and dynamical modeling – MAGION 2, 3, 4 & 5 data
 Auroral plasma physics: Arc electrodynamics, magnetosphere –
ionosphere coupling – FAST and CLUSTER data
 Theoretical and experimental investigation of the magnetic
mirror instability – EQUATOR-S and CLUSTER data
 Fundamental dynamics of space plasma: Plasma transfer at the
terrestrial magnetopause – INTERBALL and CLUSTER data
B Methods to Derive the Satellite Attitude B
 Romanian involvement in space magnetometry experiments dates back to 1976 –
1981, when the instruments SG-R1, SG-R2, and SG-R3 were flown on the
Intercosmos satellites IK-18, IK-20, and IK-21.
 More recently, Romanian mag.meters were flown on several Czech sub-satellites:
MAGION-2 (AKTIVNII, 1989), MAGION-3 (APEX, 1991), MAGION-4
(INTERBALL-TAIL, 1995), and MAGION-5 (INTERBALL-AURORA, 1996).
 An essential task of the magnetometers: to provide information to be used for
deriving the satellite attitude.
MAGION-5
PI Institute: IAP Prague
Launch: August 29, 1996
Orbit: 20000 x 1000, 650
Lost shortly after launch and
recovered in May 1998.
http://www.ufa.cas.cz/html/m
agion/magion.html
B Methods to Derive the Satellite Attitude B
 Use magnetic field data and additional information produced by specialized
sensors (Sun, Earth).
 When the additional information is degraded special numerical methods are
required.
 By using magnetic field data and the dynamic modeling of the satellite motion it
was possible to find the attitude of MAGION 2, 3 & 5, although the additional
information was limited.
 Potential to extend the method to other missions (Double Star ?)
MAGION-5 trajectory (50 orbits)
Attitude parametrization: Euler transf.
B Auroral Plasma Physics: Arc Electrodynamics B
 Work done in collaboration with Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische
Physik, Garching, Germany, and Space Sciences Lab., Univ. of California,
Berkeley, US.
 In order to evaluate the deviation of a real arc from the ideal model we
developed the ALADYN (AuroraL Arc electroDYNamics) method, based
on a parametric model of the arc and able to accommodate experimental
data input.
 ALADYN was illustrated with in-situ data
measured
by Fast Auroral
Ground
optical equipment
•Low light
CCD data
camera
developedby
at MPE.
SnapshoT Explorer (FAST) and ground
measured
a CCD
Imagesoptical
4s apart
taken
during the
FAST
•Images conjugated with FAST during an
overpass. The satellite is indicated as a square.
camera developed
at MPE.
DC electromagnetic
field and
particle
auroral campaign in Jan. – Feb. 1997.
’11’ and ’22’ show the edges of the first two
data. From top toFAST
bottom: magnetic field
•Location: Deadhorse, Alaska (Lat. 70.220,
•PI Institute:
perturbation
(a);UCB-SSL
energy and pitch-angle
•Launch:
August
21, 1996/ ions (b, c) /
spectrograms for electrons
0
•Orbit:
4000
x
400,
83
(d, e); potential drop along the satellite
http://plasma2.ssl.berkeley.edu/fast/
trajectory
(f).
ion beams, as read in the ion spectrograms.
Lon. 211.610).
North is at the left and East at the bottom.
Photo courtesy W. Lieb
B Auroral Plasma Physics: M – I Coupling B
 Work in progress, in collaboration with the Physics Department of the
Umeå University, Sweden, MPE, and UCB-SSL.
 Focus on potential arc generator region, by using conjugated FAST and
CLUSTER data (at 4000km and 100000km altitude, respectively).
 CLUSTER
 ESA mission consisting of 4 identical s/c, each of them equipped
with 11 identical instruments.
 Launched in July – August 2000, after a failed start in June 1996.
 The tetrahedron configuration allows the derivation of the current
density vector, J.
 By using electric field, E, information from several instruments it is
possible to improve on the reliability of E in the arc generator region
 The energy density, E•J, inferred from CLUSTER data, can be
compared with the electron energy flux derived from FAST data.
B Magnetic Mirror Instability B
 Work in collaboration with Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische
Physik, Braunschweig, Germania.
 The magnetic mirror (MM) instability is common in the Earth magnetosheath
but also in other space plasmas.
 A model was built which describe the 3D geometry of the MM; the model
predicts a complex geometrical structure, depending mainly on the plasma
anisotropy and β parameter.
 By using measured magnetic field data one can derive the model parameters.
 Multi-satellite data, as those provided by CLUSTER, improve on the
reliability of the fit results.
MM – theoretical model
•Multi-layer structure
•Central ‘unit’ = ‘classical’ MM
Experimental data vs. fit
•Fit on data from C1 and C2
•C3 and C4 are witness s/c
B Plasma Transfer at the Terrestrial Magnetopause B
 Work in collaboration with Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Bruxelles
 One of the addressed topics: Investigation of the role of collective processes
in the propagation of a solar wind plasma inhomogeneity (plasmoid).
 Decoupling of the plasma motion from the “motion” of the magnetic
field lines, because of the electric field parallel to the magnetic field.
 The differential drift of ions and electrons results in space charges and a
polarization electric field which supports the plasmoid convection.
Penetration of a plasmoid
into the magnetosphere.
Micro-scale processes
at the magnetopause.
C Main Achievements C
 Investigation of fundamental processes in space plasma, that cannot be
replicated under laboratory conditions.
 Participation in the scientific processing and interpretation of data obtained
in the frame of the international program IASTP (Inter-Agency Solar
Terrestrial Program).
 Access to state-of-the-art hardware and software. Expertise in numerical
methods related to space applications and space plasma simulations.
 Consolidation of an efficient research group, at a time when the space
information becomes more and more part of the daily life (space weather).
 Successful international collaborations:







Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Bruxelles, Belgium
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
Institute of Experimental Physics, Košice, Slovakia
Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik, Braunschweig, Germany
Physics Department, University of Umeå, Sweden
Space Sciences Lab., Univ. of California, Berkeley, US
D Scientific Results D
Papers in referred journals and proceedings:
1. M. Ciobanu, et al., The SGR-6,7,8 fluxgate magnetometers for MAGION-2, 3, 4 and
5 small satellites, in: Small satellites for Earth observation, Berlin, 1997
2. H. Comisel, et al., Attitude estimation of a near Earth satellite, Acta Astron., 40, 781788, 1997
3. M. Echim, et al., Multiple current sheets in the double auroral oval observed from the
MAGION-2 and MAGION-3 satellites, Ann. Geophys., 15, 412-427, 1997
4. M. Echim, et al., The early stage of a storm recovery phase – a case study, Adv. Space
Res., 20, 481-486, 1997
5. H. Comisel, et al., Magion-3 spacecraft attitude from dynamics and measurement,
BalkanPhys. Lett., 6, 59-64, 1998
6. M. Echim and J. Lemaire, Laboratory and numerical experiments of the impulsive
penetration mechanism, Space Sci. Rev., 95, 565-601, 2000
D Scientific Results D
Papers in referred journals and proceedings:
7. O. Marghitu, et al., Observational evidence for a potential relationship between visible
auroral arcs and ion beams, Phys. Chem. Earth, 26, 223-228, 2001
8. O.D. Constantinescu, Self-consistent model of mirror structures, J. Atm. Sol.-Terr.
Phys., 64, 645- 649, 2002
9. M. Echim and J. Lemaire, Advances in the kinetic treatment of the solar wind
magnetosphere interaction: the impulsive penetration mechanism, in: Geophysical
Monograph 133, eds. P. Newell si T. Onsager, p. 169-179, AGU, Washington, 2002
10. M. Echim, Test-particle trajectories in ''sheared'' stationary field: Newton-Lorenz and
first order drift numerical simulations, Cosmic Research, 40, 534-547, 2002
11. M. Echim and J. Lemaire, Positive density gradients at the magnetopause:
interpretation in the framework of the impulsive penetration mechanism, J. Atm. Sol.Terr. Phys., 64, 2019-2028, 2002
12. O.D. Constantinescu, et al., Magnetic mirrors observed by Cluster in the
magnetosheath, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1802-1805, 2003
D Scientific Results D
Ph.D. Theses:
1. O. Marghitu, Auroral arc electrodynamics with FAST satellite and optical data,
Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina,
Braunschweig, Germany, Mai 2003, http://www.biblio.tu-bs.de/ediss/data/20030606a/
20030606a.html. Published also as MPE Report 284, ISSN 0178-0719.
2. M. Echim, Kinetic aspects of the impulsive penetration of solar wind plasma elements
into the Earth´s magnetosphere, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgia, July 2004.
3. A. Blăgău – work in progress at Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik,
Garching , Germany.
4. O.D. Constantinescu – work in progress at Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische
Physik, Braunschweig, Germany.
D Scientific Results D
Presentations at international conferences:
1. M. Ciobanu, H. Comişel, et al., Magnetic field data bases: Magion 2, 3, 4 & 5 satellites,
COSPAR Colloquium Interball and beyond, Sofia, February 2002
2. M. Echim, The penetrability of the magnetopause tested by numerical integration of
single particle orbits, COSPAR Colloquium Interball and beyond, Sofia, February 2002
3. O.D. Constantinescu, et al., Modeling the structure of magnetic mirrors using Cluster
data, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Decembrie 2002
4. M. Echim, Cross-field propagation of plasma irregularities: numerical results relevant for
magnetopause investigation, Int. Conf. on Auroral Phenomena and Solar-Terrestrial
Relations, Moscow, February 2003
5. O. Marghitu, et al., A new method to investigate arc electrodynamics, EGS–AGU Joint
Assembly, Nice, April 2003
6. O. Marghitu, et al., 3D current topology in the vicinity of an evening evening arc, EGS–
AGU Joint Assembly, Nice, April 2003
7. O. Marghitu, A. Blăgău, et al., FAST – CLUSTER conjunctions above the auroral oval,
STAMMS Conference, Orleans, Mai 2003
D Scientific Results D
Presentations at international conferences:
8. O.D. Constantinescu, et al., Magnetic mirror geometry Uusing Cluster data: case study,
STAMMS Conference, Orleans, Mai 2003
9. O.D. Constantinescu, et al., Magnetic mirror geometry Uusing Cluster data: model and
correlation technique, IUGG General Assembly, Sapporo, July 2003
10. H. Comişel, M. Ciobanu, A. Blăgău, et al., Attitude determination for Magion 5 satellite
using magnetometer data only, Int. Conf. on Magnetospheric Response to Solar Activity,
Praga, September 2003
11. O. Marghitu, CLUSTER moments: Error analysis, CIS Workshop, Paris, September 2003
12. O. Marghitu, M. Hamrin, et al., CLUSTER electric field measurements in the magnetotail,
EGU General Assembly, Nice, April 2004
13. M. Hamrin, O. Marghitu, et al., Energy transferin the auroral magnnetosphere as derived
from CLUSTER and FAST data, EGU General Assembly, Nice, April 2004
14. O.D. Constantinescu, at al., Particle kinetics and distribution function inside magnetic
mirrors, EGU General Assembly, Nice, April 2004