Transcript Visualizing Hurricanes

Visualizing
Hurricanes
http://images.nationalgeographic.com
A multimedia lesson about hurricanes, storm surge, and
scientific visualizations from models
Models
Physical Models
Conceptual
Models
Mathematical
Models
http://gulfsci.usgs.gov/tampabay/model/index.html
Physical models
• Various degrees of abstraction,
realism
Physical models
• Various levels of complexity
http://places.designobserver.com/entryprint.html?entry=25658
Conceptual models
• way to express relationships among concepts
– Typically using
diagrams
Mathematical models
• Using mathematical equation(s) to express
relationship
Are many ways to fit
math equations to
shape of line - linear,
quadratic, exponential,
etc.
Model output
• Array of numbers - meaning difficult to figure out
what they mean
• Graphs - visual depiction of data
• Geospatial data - maps
• If include element of time - animations
• are all visualizations
Scientific
Visualization
http://www.designworldonline.com/uploads/ImageGallery/2nascar.jpg
http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/images/small/ibm-dx-MRIhead.gif
Scientific Visualization
• The representation of
data in a graphical
and interactive way
as a method of
gaining
understanding and
insight into the data
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ddgarcia/optical/lensnet.html
Hurricane Katrina Visualization http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/flashvideo?vid=katrina&title=Hurricane%20Katrina%20Model%20Forecast
A lesson plan focused on
visualizations…
• Project for a NSF grant - NG Coastal Hazard Collaboratory
• http://ngchc.org/
REAL Visualization Tool
Rapid
Estimates of
Approaching
Landfall
http://tuscweather.net/content/content/images/hurricane_formation.jpg
Hurricanes
101
http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/00758/en/disaster/hurricane/structure.jpg
http://www.katrina.noaa.gov/images/katrina-08-28-2005.jpg
Saffir-Simpson Scale
Category
1
2
Sustained Winds
Types of Damage Due to Hurricane Winds
74-95 mph
Very dangerous winds will produce some damage: Well-constructed frame homes could have
damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly
rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power
outages that could last a few to several days.
96-110 mph
Extremely dangerous winds will cause extensive damage: Well-constructed frame homes could
sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and
block numerous roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several
days to weeks.
3
Devastating damage will occur: Well-built framed homes may incur major damage or removal of roof
111-129 mph (major) decking and gable ends. Many trees will be snapped or uprooted, blocking numerous roads.
Electricity and water will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes.
4
Catastrophic damage will occur: Well-built framed homes can sustain severe damage with loss of
130-156 mph (major) most of the roof structure and/or some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and
power poles downed. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will
last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.
5
157 mph or higher
(major)
Catastrophic damage will occur: A high percentage of framed homes will be destroyed, with total
roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power
outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or
months.
Animation of wind damage scale http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/
Storm Surge: The real killer during Hurricanes
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/images/surgebulge_COMET.jpg
Storm Surge Animation
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/animations/hurricane_stormsurge.swf
Coastline Slope and Storm Surge
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/
Animations of Variable Coastline slopes and Storm surge
Shallow and Wide Coast http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/animations/surgea.swf
Deep and Narrow Coast http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/animations/surgeb.swf
Storm Surge + Wave Setup
Wave Setup
Elevation
above
Sea Level
Storm Surge
Sea Level
Image: C. Riley
Image: C. Riley
WAVE SETUP: An increase in water elevation in
addition to storm surge caused by the storm’s waves
Wave Setup vs Wave Height
http://cawcr.gov.au/bmrc/pubs/tcguide/ch4/ch4_figures/fig4_12.jpg
Storm Surge + Wave Setup + Tide
Wave Setup
Storm Surge
Elevation
above
Sea Level
Normal High Tide
Sea Level
Image: C. Riley
Image: C. Riley
While tide is not included in storm surge heights, astronomical
tides can drastically effect how areas of coastlines are effected
during a hurricane. STORM TIDE is the combined height of the
storm surge and tide height.
Storm Surge vs. Inundation
Wave Setup
Storm Surge
Inundation
Elevation
above
Sea Level
Normal High Tide
Sea Level
Image: C. Riley
Image: C. Riley
STORM SURGE: the increase in normal water elevation caused by the
storm' s winds and pressure
INUNDATION: the depth of water over what normally would be dry land,
including tides, surge and wave setup
Inundation Math
Total Possible Inundation = (Tide Level + Storm Surge + Wave Setup) – Elevation
Wave Setup
Storm Surge
Inundation
Elevation
Tide Level
Sea Level
Image: C. Riley
Inundation Math: High Tide
Total Possible Inundation = (Tide Level + Storm Surge + Wave Setup) – Elevation
Wave Setup = 6ft
Storm Surge = 14 ft
Inundation
10ft
Elevation = 12 ft
High Tide = +2 ft
Sea Level
Image: C. Riley
Total Possible Inundation for the House = (+2ft + 14ft + 6ft) – 12ft
Inundation Math: Low Tide
Total Possible Inundation = (Tide Level + Storm Surge + Wave Setup) – Elevation
Wave Setup = 6ft
Storm Surge = 14 ft
Inundation
6 ft
Elevation = 12 ft
Low Tide = -2 ft
Sea Level
Image: C. Riley
Total Possible Inundation for the House = (-2ft + 14ft + 6ft) – 12ft
Inundation Math
Total Possible Inundation = (Tide Level + Storm Surge + Wave Setup) – Elevation
Wave Setup = 2ft
2 ft
Storm Surge = 14 ft
Elevation = 12 ft
Low Tide = -2 ft
Sea Level
Image: C. Riley
Total Possible Inundation for the House = (-2ft + 14ft + 2ft) – 12ft
REAL Visualization Tool
Rapid Estimates of Approaching Landfall
Google Earth is our FRIEND!
Compass
Click to shift your
view of the map (or
click and drag)
Storm Surge Depth Key
Click for street view
Zoom Bar (or you can
double click a location)
Layers: (Different things
the map can show you)
To turn on/off a layer,
click on the box to the
left of its name.
Visualizing Hurricanes: The Lesson Plan
stormsurge.disl.org