Transcript P1 6 mark qu bank

The 6 mark question
Please use the proforma provided
until students are aware of what to
do.
Evidence over the past thirty years has made Scientists
concerned about the damage that we are doing to the
Earths atmosphere. The graph below shows how skin
cancer rates have changed over the past 30 yrs.
Use the graph to describe the trend in skin cancer rates.
Outline the causes of skin cancer and explain how human activity is
thought to be linked to the above
Describe the action taken by governments to limit this damage.
Marks
Answer
Detail
1-2
Basic description how skin cancer rates have
changed.
Answer related to the Ozone layer and UV radiation
(CFC’s mentioned)
Discussion of “reducing pollution”
Basic description how skin cancer rates have
changed but with added detail.
Answer links the Ozone layer and UV radiation (CFC
emission related to thinning/depletion) to the
reasons for cancer developing
Government response outlined


Detailed analysis of the graph
Detailed explanation the structure of the
atmosphere (ozone layer) and the absorption of UV
radiation
Detailed explanation of the damage caused by CFC’s
and how this is linked to the graph
Detailed description of the worlds response
Answer should the responses for 4 marks and could include (for full 6):
Graph

Rates have more than doubled for women, trebled for men

Reasons for fluctuations (bad weather, less sun)

Understanding of unit used (per 100,000)
Ozone

thin layer high up (stratosphere) which absorbs high frequency (short
wavelength UV)

CFC molecules destroy ozone molecules resulting in thinning of layer
and increased UV levels reaching ground
Reasons

Understanding that cancer is cells dividing/copying themselves
uncontrollably

UV absorbed by skin and radiation causes mutations by damaging DNA
(random process)
Response

Possible mention of Montreal Protocol

Worldwide agreement
SPAG correct and good use of technical terms
3-4
5-6





Skin cancer rates have gone up over the last 30 yrs
Human activity has damaged the ozone layer because of the release of
CFC’s
this damage is letting through more UV light
Added detail may include “skin cancer rates have more than doubled”
Basic discussion of how UV Radiation causes skin cancer: mention of
DNA being damaged or altered by high frequency UV,
CFC emission causes depletion/thinning/hole to develop in the ozone
layer
Government responded by reducing (or banning in EU) CFC emissions
Why might a house at the bottom of a hill be
able to receive a good radio signal but get
very poor TV reception?
The Mark Scheme
1. The transmitters are not in direct line of sight of the house
as the house is in a valley (1)
2. The TV signal has a higher frequency/shorter wavelength
than the radio (1 max) (or opposite argument for radio
waves
3. The house receives the radio signal because of diffraction (1)
4. Diffraction happens best when the gap or object in the way
is similar in size to the wavelength (1)
5. The wavelength of the radio waves are similar in size to the
hill (so they diffract well) (1)
6. The wavelength of the TV waves are much smaller than the
hill (so they do NOT diffract well) (1)
Some people worry that using mobile phones
may harm users, and have health risks.
Studies over many years have not shown
clear evidence that using mobile phones
causes harm.
Explain why some people are worried about
the use of mobile phones by young people.
Suggest some ways to reduce the possible
risk of harm.
For 6 marks – you must have:
most of these points
AND a clear structure that is easy to read
AND excellent spelling, grammar,
paragraphing and punctuation
For 3 marks – you must have:
2 or 3 of these points
AND clear sentences which make sense
AND mainly good spelling, grammar,
paragraphing, and punctuation
Suggest why people worry
e.g. cells may absorb microwaves,
warming up and changing cells
Say why young people are vulnerable
e.g. may use phones for many years
State and explain several ways to reduce
harm
e.g. use phone less often to reduce
exposure; use phones fitted with
microwave screening to reduce the level
of exposure
Microwaves and infra red waves
are both types of waves.
• Microwaves and infra-red waves are both used for
communication and cooking.
• Describe how they are both used for communication and
cooking.
• Describe how these waves are similar and how they are
different.
• Your written communication will also be assessed.
Describe how microwaves can be used for cooking. (need to include idea that the wave energy is absorbed
by water/fat/sugar).
[1mark]
Describe how microwaves can be used for communication. Need to include some detail e.g.
Used by mobile phones
Received and transmitted by mobile phone masts
Can be sent into space to be retransmitted to Earth by satellites.
[1mark]
Describe how IR waves are used for cooking. Need to include some detail e.g.
Emitted by hot objects
Heat up objects that absorb them
Used in grilling/toasting
Absorbed better by dark surfaces
[1mark]
Describe how IR waves are used in communication. Could refer to
Use in optical fibres
Use in remote controls
[1mark]
Describe one similarity and one difference (both needed for mark). Possible answers:
•Both are electromagnetic waves
•Both are transverse waves
•Both travel at the speed of light
•Microwaves have a lower frequency
•Microwaves have a longer wavelength
•Produced and absorbed in different ways
[1mark]
SPAG mark – answer is well structured and uses correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.
[1mark]
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