Transcript Reflection and Refraction of Light

Definitions
• Incident wave-_____________________________________.
• _______________wave that is bounced away from the
surface.
• Refracted-_________________________________________.
• ________ ___________ __________-an optical phenomenon
that occurs when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at
an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to
the normal to the surface.
• ________ ________-the angle of incidence above which total
internal reflection occurs.
• ____________- to a flat surface is a vector that is
perpendicular to that surface. To a non-flat surface at a point
P on the surface is a vector perpendicular to the tangent
plane to that surface at P.
Reflection
• The production of an
________ by or as if by a
________.
• Something, such as
______, _______ _____,
______, or an _______,
that is reflected.
• The change in ________
of a wave, such as a light
or sound wave, away
from a boundary the
wave encounters.
Reflected waves ______
in their original medium
rather than _______ the
medium they encounter.
Reflection
• According to the ____ __ ______, the angle of
reflection of a reflected wave is equal to its
angle of incidence.
Diffuse Reflection
• Light is reflected in ___ ____________.
• This is caused by a surface that isn’t _______.
Specular reflection
• All the light
travelling in ___
direction and
reflecting from
the mirror is
reflected in ___
direction.
• This occurs on a
______ surface.
Definitions
• _____ _____- the single point where light from the object
hits or is focused. Located half the distance from the mirror
to the center of curvature.
• _____ _____-the distance from the reflecting surface to the
focal point.
• _____- formed when the incident and reflected rays
intersect in front of the mirror.
• ________- does not actually exist (no light is produced).
Occur at points where extensions from incident and
reflected rays converge behind the mirror.
• _______ of Curvature- the ______ of that original sphere.
• _______ of Curvature- the ______ of the sphere.
• _____- the point where the mirror crosses the principal
axis.
• _________ ____- a line drawn through the vertex, focus
and center of curvature.
Plane Mirrors
Just kidding
• A mirror with a flat surface
• Properties of an image in a plane mirror
– The image is ________
– The image is the ______ size as the object
– The image is the ______ distance from the mirror as the
object appears to be
– The image is _______, not _______, because the light rays
do not actually pass through the image.
Plane Mirrors
Spherical Mirrors
• A piece cut out of a reflective sphere.
• Focal length of a spherical mirror: f=R/2
• Either _______ or ______.
Convex Mirrors or Diverging Mirror
• Image is _______ and _______.
• Used for security in stores and on the passenger side of many
cars.
• Light rays that strike the mirror surface are reflected so that
they _______, or “go apart,” and they never come to a point.
• The focal length is ________.
• The object and focus are on ___________ sides of the mirror.
• All images are _______ than the object.
Rules of Reflection
for Convex Mirrors
• Any incident ray traveling ________ to the principal axis on
the way to a convex mirror will reflect in such a manner that
its extension will pass _______ the focal point.
• Any incident ray traveling _______ a convex mirror such that
its extension passes through the focal point will reflect and
travel ________ to the principal axis.
• Any incident ray which is directed _______ the center of
curvature of the mirror is ________ back along its ____ path.
Concave Mirror or Converging Mirror
• Can have either ____ or _______ images.
• Light rays that strike the mirror surface are
reflected so that they ________, or “come
together,” at a point.
• Focal length is ________.
• The object and the focus are on the _____ side of
the mirror.
Rules of
Reflection for
Concave
Mirrors
• Any incident ray traveling ________ to the
principal axis on the way to the mirror will
pass through the _____ _____upon reflection.
• Any incident ray passing through the _____
_____ on the way to the mirror will travel
parallel to the ________ ____upon reflection.
The Mirror
Equation
• 1/_+_/di=1/_
– do is the distance from
the mirror to the object
– di is the distance from the
mirror to the image
– f is the focal length of the
mirror
Magnification
• In most cases the
height of the image
_______ from the
height of the object.
This means that the
mirror has done
some _________ or
________.
Magnification
• M=hi/__=__/do
– The ratio of the image
height to the object
height, which is
closely related to the
ratio of the image
distance to the object
distance.
Magnification
• M=hi/__=__/do
– If magnification is __
then the object and the
image are the same
size. If m__1 then the
image is larger. If m__1
then the image is
smaller. If m__0 then
the image is upright and
if m__0 then the image
is inverted.
Refraction
• The change of direction of
a ray of _____, _____,
____, or the like, in passing
obliquely from one
medium into another in
which its wave velocity is
_________.
• The change in the _____ of
propagation depends on
the __________ between
the index of refraction of
the original medium and
the medium entered by
the wave, as well as on the
_________ of the wave.
• The speed of light
in a vacuum is
______________.
• When light travels
through a different
material, it travels
at ____________
speed.
Refraction
• The speed of light in a given
material is related to a
quantity called the _____
__ _________, n.
• Index of refraction: n=_/v
– The ratio of the speed of
light (_) in a vacuum to the
speed of light in the
medium (_).
• The _________ changes as
well.
• Index of refraction in terms
of wavelength
– N=_/λm
• where _ is the wavelength
in vacuum and λm is the
wavelength in the medium
Index of Refraction
Refraction
• Although the _____ changes and wavelength
_______, the frequency will be ________.
• Frequency, wavelength, and speed are related
by:
– V=_λ
Snell’s Law
• The relationship between the angles of incidence
and refraction and the ________ of refraction of the
two media.
– n1_____=n2sinθ2 or sinθ1/sinθ2=__/v2
Definitions
• ____- a carefully ground or molded piece of
transparent material that refracts light rays in such a
way as to form an image.
• _________ axis- the __________ axis.
• __ _____- the point on the principal axis that is
twice as far from the vertical axis as the focal point.
Converging Lenses
• A lens that
_________
rays of light
that are
traveling
________ to
its principal
axis.
Diverging Lenses
• A lens that ________ rays of light that are
traveling parallel to its _________ axis.
Double Convex Lens
• The fact that a double convex lens is _______
across its middle is an indicator that it will
converge rays of light that travel parallel to its
principal axis.
Double Concave Lens
• The fact that the double concave lens is
_______ across its middle is an indicator that
it will diverge rays of light that travel parallel
to its principal axis.
•
Refraction Rules
for
a
Converging
Any incident ray
•
traveling parallel
Lens
to the principal
axis of a
converging lens
will _______
through the lens
and travel through
the _____ point on
the opposite side
of the lens.
Any incident ray
traveling
through the
_____ _____ on
the way to the
lens will refract
through the lens
and travel
parallel to the
principal axis.
•
Refraction Rules for a Diverging
Any incident ray traveling Lens
• Any incident ray
parallel to the principal axis
of a diverging lens will
_______ through the lens
and travel in line with the
focal point (i.e., in a
direction such that its
extension will pass through
the focal point).
traveling towards the
focal point on the way
to the lens will refract
_______ the lens and
travel ________ to the
principal axis.
A Third Rule of Refraction
• An incident ray that passes through the _____
of the lens will in affect ________ in the ____
direction that it had when it entered the lens.
Converging Lens Image
Formation
• Can produce real ___ virtual images.
Object-Image Relations for
Diverging Lens
Object-Image Relations for
Converging Lens
• If the object is located ______ 2F:
• If the object is located __ 2F:
• If the object is located _______ 2F
and _:
• If the object is located __ F:
• If the object is located __ _____ __ F:
Diverging Lens Image Formation
• Can only produce virtual images.