Transcript Example of large Format Displays

Virtual Environments –
VIVE007/4C76 - Dr. A. Steed
Seminar Series:
Stereo Systems:
Overview adapted from:
“Stereo & 3D Display Technologies”
Prof. David McAllister Date: Wednesday 19th October 2005
Presenters: Erica Calogero, Alastair Moore, Mojtaba Bahrami
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Introduction
1. Introduction
1.1
1.2
1.3
Depth Cues
A Technology Taxonomy
Stereo Pairs
2. Display Technology Overview
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Separating Left and Right Eye Views
Cross Talk
Field Sequential Techniques
Time-Parallel Techniques
Erica Calogero
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Introduction
A Technology Taxonomy
1.1. A Technology Taxonomy
Terminology –
Stereo window/ stereo plane
Interocular distance
Homologous
Vertical disparity/ parallax (always = 0)
Wall-eyed
Pseudo stereo
Convergence
Accomodation
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Introduction
Stereo Pairs
1.2. Stereo Pairs
3D displays fit into one of 3 categories:
• Stereo pair – fixed accomodation, virtual
• Holographic - dynamic accomodation, virtual
• Volumetric/ Multiplanar – dynamic accomodation, solid
Stereo Pair Technologies:
•
•
•
Distribute L & R views of a scene to the viewer
Special viewing devices are often needed to direct
the appropriate view to the correct eye
If no special device is needed, then the technology is called
autostereoscopic. i.e. hard copy devices.
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Display Technologies Overview
2. Display Technologies Overview
Separating Left & Right Eye Views
• Cross Talk
• Ghosting/ blurring that occurs when both eyes
can see the images intended for the other eye.
• Field Sequential Techniques –
• One image is presented to the left eye while the
right eye is block and vice versa. e.g. the CAVE.
• Time Parallel Techniques –
• Both images are presented at the same time and
eye is directed to the correct image by different
means. e.g. HMDs, View Master, red & green glasses.
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
3D Devices
3. 3D Devices: Viewing Devices Required
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
( Hardcopy )
Field Sequential Devices
Pulfrich Technique
FakeSpace PUSH Display
Work Bench Displays
VREX Micropolarizers
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
3D Devices
Field-Sequential Devices
Field-Sequential / Time multiplexed Methods
Active Glasses – eg. CrystalEyes system
Advantages:
high dynamic range >1000:1
no ghosting/double image <32%
Disadvantages: high frame rate required
power supply
synchronisation
fragil
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
3D Devices
Active Glasses
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
3D Devices
Passive Glasses
Passive Glasses – eg. ZScreen system
Advantages:
refresh rate < active glasses
cost per. user
no power supply
no synchronization
Disadvantages: lower dynamic range
transmission
may suffer ghosting
image cross talk
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
3D Devices
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
3D Devices
The Pulfrich Technique
Passive Glasses – neutral density filter
•German physicist Carl Pulfrich (1858-1927)
•perception in the covered eye is delayed by optical filter
•direct image and the delayed image will form a stereo pair
Disadvantages: requires constant motion
illusion motion dependent
does not replicate human stereo
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
3D Devices
FAKESPACE Push Display
Fakespace Dstation
Fakespace PUSH
Fakespace Systems Inc.
M1 Desk
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
3D Devices
Time Parallel / glasses/no glasses
Parallax Barrier
µPol Technology
3.5 Time Parallel/
~Large Format Displays
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Large Format Displays
Why Large Format Displays?
To overcome the limited field of view and low
resolution of HMDs.
Allowing the user to move in space (requires position
tracking)
Experiencing highly immersive display environments
IMAX Cinema; Source: http://www.imax.ac
Moving towards the commercial side
How?
Projection systems have been developed that use
large projection surfaces to simulate immersion.
Example of large Format Displays:
 IMAX
 Fakespace Systems Displays
 VisionDome
Immersive Room
Source: http://www.fakespacesystems.com
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Large Format Displays
IMAX
IMAX
IMAX (Image MAXimum)
 Uses the standard filed-sequential polarized projection
mechanism to project stereo images onto a huge screen
that encompasses the viewer's peripheral vision.

Users wear passive glasses. These glasses use matching
polarization filters in front of the projector lenses and the eyes.

The viewing distances are large. In this viewing context, both
accommodation and binocular parallax are almost entirely lost.
Source: www.imax.ac
Create the illusion
that you are really
'in the picture' and
not just watching it
IMAX 3D Camera
http://www.sciencemuseum.
org.uk/imax/
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Large Format Displays
Fakespace Systems Display
-- Fakespace System is the major provider
of Immersive Rooms (i.e. CAVE™)
-- Cave™ is the Most Widely Installed Fully Immersive
Visualization System in the World.
-- Concept behind the CAVE™ also known as walkthrough/fly-through:
A complex, 3D model of a building, structure, or other
physical space through which you can move your viewpoint as
if walking or flying through it.
-- To produce a walk-through:
create a scene for every possible point of view and field of
view, then display the scene based on the participant's input.
CAVE: “CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment”
• Typically shutter technology is used to present alternate
left/right eye frames to the viewer, hence is immersed in a
completely surrounding VE.
•Single participant + Several people can be situated in the CAVE
at the same time, though the display is completely correct for one
participant
• Could be Multi-participant! HOW?
Source: http://www.fakespacesystems.com
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Large Format Displays
Fakespace Systems Display
How CAVE™ is constructed and How it works:
These pictures are an artistic representation of the layout of
the CAVE™, showing all the different components that make
up the whole system.
The Display System
Projectors
Projection Wall (Ideally a CAVE™ is a room that has all six walls as
projection screens, on which a virtual environment (VE) is projected)
Mirrors
Shutter Glasses
(A participant wears lightweight stereo glasses with a headtracking device mounted)
The Tracking System
Head Tracking and Wand
User can interact with the
image/environment using various input
devices.
Possible drawbacks to CAVE™?
Source: http://www.cave.rdg.ac.uk/
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Large Format Displays
Fakespace Systems Display
FLEX™ and reFLEX™
These new systems designed by Fakespace:
allow a for single-person configuring,
 fully detached module capabilities!
The FLEX™ is the world's first commercial reconfigurable visualization solution for those
whose viewing, collaboration, and presentation
requirements cannot be met within the confines of
a single visualization technology.
Source: http://www.fakespacesystems.com
-- Fact:
The fact that VE sites represent both academic and commercial interests suggests that VR is
extending beyond research labs and science fiction into the real world.
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Large Format Displays
The VisionDome
VisionDome is an immersive digital environment
that, via proprietary projection and rendering
technologies creates 3D display.
The VisionDome delivers
 a full-color, raster based,
 interactive display,
 with 360 degree projection and
 a 180 degree field of view.
-- The tilted hemispherical screen is positioned so as
to fill the field-of-view of the participants, creating a
sense of immersion in the same way that largescreen cinemas draw the audience into the scene.
-- The dome itself allows freedom of head motion, so that the
observer can change their direction of view, and yet still have
their vision fully encompassed by the image.
Source: http://www.elumens.com
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Large Format Displays
The VisionDome
Elumens offers a family of VisionDome models
for audience sizes from 1 to 45 people.
VisionDome VS. IMAX!
In contrast with the large format, analogue
film used for entertainment in domed cinemas
(e.g. IMAX), the VisionDome is driven by
digital media, either pre-recorded or
generated in real-time from a computer or
High Definition TV camera.
•Designed to be deployed for 3D applications in which many people need
to participate jointly.
•Since there is only one projection source and nothing to wear, the
VisionDome is the best solution for collaborative environments.
Source: http://www.elumens.com
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Autostereoscopic Displays
Forget the Funny Glasses
In the last 10 years, stereo displays that don’t require
glasses have emerged from the laboratories into the marketplace.
Autostereoscopic displays (ASDs) use several technologies to
present different images to both of a viewer’s eyes.
No one technology has yet become dominant in the ASD
marketplace.
Most common are systems based on flat panel displays (FPDs),
which use either lenticular screens or parallax barriers to provide
binocular disparity.
QinetiQ's groundbreaking 3D
Autostereo technology allows multiple
viewers to see geometrically accurate
and stable, 3D perspectives
simultaneously.
Source: http://www.qinetiq.com
What Technology they use for ASDs:
The manufacturers attempt to use optical tricks to aim the waves of light emitted by the monitor
directly at the viewers eyes. If the viewer's head is within a certain area in front of the screen, the so
called stereo zone, the scene will appear to be in 3D.
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Autostereoscopic Displays
Autostereoscopic Displays:
No Viewing Devices Required
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
Hardcopy (Such as: Free Viewing, Holographic Stereograms,
Parallax Barriers, Lenticular Sheets) .
Alternating Pairs
Moving Slit Parallax Barrier (A variation of the Parallax
Barriers)
•
The Sanyo Display
The DTI System
Seaphone Display
The Sanyo Display
The HinesLab Display
I, II and IV-VII are not covered
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Autostereoscopic Displays
The DTI System
The Dimension Technologies Inc
With the DTI display, stereoscopic imaging is
accomplished with a special illumination pattern and
optics behind the LCD screen (figure 1) which make
alternate columns of pixels visible to the left and
right eyes (figure3) when you are sitting in front of
the display (figure2), or in certain areas off to the
side.
One can see 3D from any position where the left eye is in a left eye zone and the right eye is
in right eye zone. Additionally, there is little effective vertical restriction.
Source: http://www.dti3d.com
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Autostereoscopic Displays
The Sanyo Display
The Sanyo Display
Use LC technology
Head tracking System
Use two image splitter
 No ghosting
Sanyo 3D Screen: 15 inch LCD monitor
with non-glasses stereo 3D display. Uses
eye-tracking.
More information about different 3D displays at: http://www.stereo3d.com/displays.htm
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Volumetric Displays
Volumetric Displays
Also called Multiplanar 3D displays
>>>Several technologies of volumetric displays exist:
 Oscillating Plane Mirror
 Varifocal Mirror
 Rotating Mirror
-- Volumetric display systems (VDSs) create an image
with true depth, letting the eyes and brain work in a
natural manner.
Actuality Systems Volumetric 3-D Display
http://www.actuality-systems.com/
-- VDSs Normally depend on moving mirrors,
rotating LEDs or other optical techniques to project
or reflect light at points in space
Crorepressor protein interacting
with DNA
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Volumetric Displays
Actuality System
-- A stereo image hovering in free space,
visible from any viewpoint. This is achieved
by projecting the images onto a fast rotating
surface.
-- Allows stereo vision, motion
parallax, and proper
accommodation.
-- Expensive!!
-- Since the display medium is
transparent, it lacks the ability to
produce occlusion. Therefore, this
display system would not be ideal
for video.
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Volumetric Displays
Oscillating Plane Mirror
Oscillating Plane Mirror
 No disconnection of accommodation
 All depth cues would be consistent
 According to the focal length of The mirror,
dramatic improvement in view volume depth
can be obtained.
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Volumetric Displays
Varifocal Mirror
Varifocal Mirror
 A commercial multiplanar
 Use a flexible circular mirror
anchored at the edges.
A varifocal mirror display.
 It is difficult to build a high quality
varifocal optic that can be oscillated at
high frequencies.
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Volumetric Displays
Rotating Mirror
Rotating Mirror
 Use RGB lasers for point plotting and a double
helix mirror rotating at 600 rpm as reflecting
device
•ASD and VDS systems are intended to replace current 3D displays, all
of which require the user to wear some sort of filtering system, such as
eyeglasses.
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
Volumetric Displays
New Technology
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
7. Retinal Scanning Technologies
Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems X, SPIE Vol. 5006
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
7. Retinal Scanning Technologies
Accommodation vs. Vergence
Stereo & 3D Display Technologies
7. Retinal Scanning Technologies