Transcript Plane Mirrors

By: Liz and Sabrina 
WHAT IS A LENS?

A lens is a transparent optical device used to
converge or diverge transmitted light and to form
images .
MIRRORS? SAY WHAT?

A mirror is an object with at least one polished
and therefore specularly reflective surface. The
most familiar type of mirror is the plane mirror,
which has a flat surface. Curved mirrors are also
used, to produce magnified or diminished images
or focus light or simply distort the reflected
image.
TYPES OF MIRRORS
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Plane Mirrors
A plane mirror has even surfaces. The normal is a
line perpendicular to all points of a plane mirror. The
angle of incidence is an angle that light hits the
mirror relative to the normal. The angle of reflection
is an angle of that light's reflection, on the other part
of the normal, and is equal to the angle of incidence.
The image seen in a plane mirror seems to be behind
the mirror. This is an example of a virtual image It is
also right-side up, but reversed from right to left. This
can be seem noticeably by holding up a word to a
plane mirror. The letters would each be flipped and
the order of the word would be reversed.
SPHERICAL MIRRORS

A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved
reflective surface, which may be either convex
(bulging outward) or concave (bulging inward)
EQUATIONS
Here are equations that analytically explain the
image results.
 The focal length of a spherical mirror:
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The spherical mirror equation:
The magnification equation for a spherical
mirror:
EQUATIONS
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Where M is the magnification factor s object is
distance from object to the mirror, s image is the
distance from the image to the mirror, f is focal
length, and R is radius of curvature.
TYPES OF LENSES

Two types of lenses are biconvex lenses, which
are converging lenses and biconcave lenses,
which are diverging lenses. Converging lenses
are thicker in the center than at the edges, while
diverging lenses are thicker at the edges that in
the center.
CONVERGING LENSES
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Convex or converging lenses can form real or virtual
images:
When the light enters in parallel rays, the light is
concentrated on one point-the focal point.
When the light enters from an object that is further
away from the lens that the focal length, the light is
concentrated on one point where a real image is
produced.
When the light enters from an object that is closer to
the lens than the focal length, the light diverges, as to
seem to have come from behind the lens, forming a
virtual image.
When the light enters from the lens’ focal point, the
lens makes the light a parallel beam.
DIVERGING LENSES

Concave or diverging lenses produce virtual
images. The light rays appear to diverge from the
virtual image on the side of the lens with the
object.
LENS EQUATION

Thins Lens Equation:
OR

Magnification equation with a thin lens:
DIFFERENT USES OF LENSES

An optical telescope is a telescope which is
used to gather and focus light mainly from the
visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum for
directly viewing a magnified image for making a
photograph, or collecting data through electronic
image sensors.
DIFFERENT USES OF LENSES

Binoculars, field glasses or binocular
telescopes are a pair of identical or mirrorsymmetrical telescopes mounted side-by-side and
aligned to point accurately in the same direction,
allowing the viewer to use both eyes when
viewing distant objects.
DIFFERENT USES OF LENSES

A microscope is an instrument to see objects too
small for the naked eye. Optical microscopes have
refractive glass and occasionally of plastic or
quartz, to focus light into the eye or another light
detector.
DIFFERENT USES OF LENSES

A camera is a device that records images. These
images may be still photographs or moving
images such as videos or movies. A majority of
cameras have a lens positioned in front of the
camera's opening to gather the incoming light
and focus all or part of the image on the
recording surface.
TEST TIME =)
 What are the 2 types of lenses?
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a. converging and diverging b. concave and spherical
What are the 2 types of mirrors?
A. plane and converging B. plane and spherical
One common use of a lens?
A. camera B. microwave C. computer D. chairs
A curved mirror with a curved reflective surface is either:
A. convex or concave b. converging or spherical
What is the most common type of mirror?
A. square b. circular c. spherical d. plane
In the lens equations, what does M stand for?
A. multiply b. magnitude c. magnification factor d. mirror
ANSWERS
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What are the 2 types of lenses?
a. converging and diverging b. concave and spherical
What are the 2 types of mirrors?
A. plane and converging B. plane and spherical
One common use of a lens?
A. camera B. microwave C. computer D. chairs
A curved mirror with a curved reflective surface is either:
A. convex or concave b. converging or spherical
What is the most common type of mirror?
A. square b. circular c. spherical d. plane
In the lens equations, what does M stand for?
A. multiply b. magnitude c. magnification factor d. mirror
LENS & MIRRORS (OPTICS)
By:
Grace Garcia
&
Tyler Noone
INTRO
Lenses and mirrors play
important roles in our daily lives
even though we may not notice
them.
PLANE MIRRORS
A
plane¹ mirror has even surfaces.
The
normal is a line perpendicular to all points of a plane mirror.
The
angle of incidence is an angle that light hits the mirror relative to the
normal.
The
angle of reflection is an angle of that light's reflection, on the other part of
the normal, and is equal to the angle of incidence.
The
image seen in a plane mirror seems to be behind the mirror.
PLANE MIRRORS CONTINUED
This is an example of a virtual image
 It is also right-side up, but reversed from right to
left.
 This can be seem noticeably by holding up a word
to a plane mirror.
 The letters would each be flipped and the order of
the word would be reversed.
 To determine the size of an image seen through a
plane mirror, the following equation is used:

SPHERICAL MIRRORS
A
spherical² mirror is a mirror in the form of a slice of a
spherical surface.
A
convex³ mirror is curved outward, like the outside of a
sphere.
When
parallel light rays pass through a convex mirror, the
reflected light appears to have come from behind, hence making
it a virtual image.
Because
the rays reflected from a convex mirror diverge from
any length, a diverging mirror will always produce a virtual
image.
This
explains why the passenger side mirrors of cars, which
are convex mirrors, display objects that look smaller than they
are: the brain considers the diverging rays to have come from an
image behind the mirror itself.
SPHERICAL MIRRORS CONTINUED
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Or, in other words, it appears "caved-in", which could help you
differentiate from both spherical mirrors.
The light hitting the surface of concave mirror converges, and the
image made by the mirror is either virtual or real, depending on
the position of the object that is reflected.
If the object is between the mirror and the focus, it will be right
side up, virtual, and larger, while objects farther than the focus
will be real images that subject to the position once again, may
appear upside-down, larger, or smaller.
SPHERICAL MIRROR EQUATIONS


Here are equations that analytically explain the image
results discussed in the previous section.
Where M is the magnification factor , sobject is the
distance from the object to the mirror, simage is the
distance from the image to the mirror, f is the focal
length, and R is the radius of curvature.
SPHERICAL MIRROR EQUATIONS CONTINUED

The focal length of a spherical mirror:

The spherical mirror equation:

The magnification equation for a spherical
mirror:
LENSES
An optical lens is made from see-through materials and
is generally spherical in shape.
TYPES OF LENSES


Two types of lenses are biconvex lenses, which
are converging lenses and biconcave lenses,
which are diverging lenses.
Converging6 lenses are thicker in the center than
at the edges, while diverging lenses are thicker at
the edges that in the center.
TYPES OF LENSES CONTINUED

Convex or converging lenses can form real or virtual images:

When the light enters in parallel rays, the light is concentrated on
one point-the focal point.



When the light enters from an object that is further away from the
lens that the focal length, the light is concentrated on one point
where a real image is produced.
When the light enters from an object that is closer to the lens than
the focal length, the light diverges, as to seem to have come from
behind the lens, forming a virtual image.
When the light enters from the lens’ focal point, the lens makes the
light a parallel beam.
LENS EQUATIONS

Thins Lens Equation:
OR

Magnification equation with a thin lens:
TEST
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1. A _________ mirror has even surfaces.
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2. A _________ mirror is a mirror in the form of a slice of a spherical
surface.
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3. A __________ mirror is curved outward, like the outside of a
sphere.
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4. A ___________ mirror curves inward like the hollow inside of a
sphere.
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5. An _________ lens is made from see-through materials and is
generally spherical in shape.
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6. ___________ lenses are thicker in the center than at the edges,
while diverging lenses are thicker at the edges that in the center.