Transcript Slide 1
Fundamental research Applied research Pullman Spokane 50+ Year Legacy of Innovation and Excellence in Physics at Washington State University William Band, Ph.D. Professor of Physics (1949 – 1971) Donald R. Curran, Ph.D. WSU Class of 1960 George Duvall, Ph.D Professor of Physics (1964-1988) Sandia National Laboratories James Johnson, Ph.D. WSU Class of 1966 2011 APS, Shock Compression Science Award Why do shock wave research? Rocky Silicate Mantle Iron/Nickel Core Central Pressure: 3.6 Mbar Central Temperature: 6000° K Goal: Lighten Body Armor Army combat helmet = 6.5 lbs Ruck (basic weight) = 8 lbs Night vision goggles = 1.4 lbs Power sources (batteries) = 16 lbs Body armor = 33.2 lbs Radio (leader only) = 4.5 lbs Weapon + ammo = 31.8 lbs Rations (3 day mission) = 19.5 lbs Other = 9 lbs Basis: Afghanistan, size L, non-leader Soldier Load = 95 lbs Dr. James Zheng, U.S. Army Gordon Johnson, SwRI Hard Armor Dynamic Response 300 µs 500 µs 750 µs 1000 µs Courtesy of Hans Broos, TNO, Netherlands (through Dr. James Zheng, U.S. Army) What is shock wave research? Key Features of Shock Waves Extreme Pressures Extreme Timescales We do experiments at VERY high pressures: Picosecond (ps) one trillionth of a second 10,000 – 2,500,000 atmospheres Nanosecond (ns) one billionth of a second Microsecond (μs) one millionth of a second Extreme Velocities • Bullet (.22 Long Rifle): 320 m/s (715 mph) • Sound: 343 m/s (767 mph) • ISP Launchers: Up to 6 km/s (~13,000 mph) • Space Shuttle: 8 km/s (~18,000 mph) Major Research Facilities Impact Laboratory Laser Shock Laboratory Pulsed Power Facility Static High Pressure Laboratory Materials We Study Diamond Benzene Copper Carrara Marble Water Aluminum Sapphire Bulk Amorphous Alloys Molybdenum Ruby Granite Silicon Quartz Tantalum Fundamental Research: How quickly does water freeze? Experimental Configuration Daniel Dolan, Ph.D. 2003 Now at Sandia National Laboratories Impactor Water sample Target Light Point of view Windows t(ns)= -170 630 1030 230 730 1130 330 830 1330 530 930 1430 after shock arrival Partnerships Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Michigan Tech Univ Avista, Itron, ReliOn Boston SwRI Boeing Spokane Houghton Seattle MIT Princeton University Princeton Pullman Minneapolis SRI International Chicago Washington D.C. Army Research Laboratory Menlo Park Livermore Los Alamos Albuquerque Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories ASL: Linking Academia & Industry Academia • Curiosity driven Industry Applied Sciences Laboratory • Customer driven • Educational • Market timelines “The asset with the greatest leverage excellence • Emphasis on in the knowledge economy is the • Emphasis on learning product modern research university.” • Focus on R- Paul Grogan, President of the Boston Foundation • Focus on D • Publications A Multidisciplinary Contract Research Organization • Sales ASL: Intellectual Shopping Center National Security Energy Advanced Materials & Sensors Research for Companies Problem Solving & Tech Transfer Material Sciences & Chemistry Optical Physics Modeling & Simulations Transforming research innovations into practical solutions Icing and Corrosion Prevention Santanu Chaudhuri Stagnant electrolyte Pit Mg matrix IED Detection and Biological Agent Neutralization Hergen Eilers Not luminescent N2 Luminescent NO Heating Partnerships Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Michigan Tech Univ Avista, Itron, ReliOn Boston SwRI Boeing Spokane Houghton Seattle MIT Princeton University Princeton Pullman Minneapolis SRI International Chicago Washington D.C. Army Research Laboratory Menlo Park Livermore Los Alamos Albuquerque Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories A New Paradigm for Shock Wave Research Advanced Photon Source Chicago, IL DC-CAT: Dynamic Compression – Collaborative Access Team Washington State University DOE/NNSA National Laboratories (Livermore, Los Alamos, Sandia) Carnegie Institution for Science Brookhaven National Laboratory Army Research Laboratory Harvard University New sector dedicated to shock wave measurements University of Nevada, Las Vegas Atomic Weapons Establishment, U.K. Kumamoto Univ., Tohoku Univ., Nat’l Inst. for Mat. Science, Japan Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Indian Inst. of Science, India Hanyang University, Korea Partnerships Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Michigan Tech Univ Avista, Itron, ReliOn Boston SwRI Boeing Spokane Houghton Seattle MIT Princeton University Princeton Pullman Minneapolis SRI International Chicago Washington D.C. Army Research Laboratory Menlo Park Livermore Los Alamos Albuquerque Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories Stephen Hawking’s Wish Which scientific discovery or advance would you like to see in your lifetime? “I would like nuclear fusion to become a practical power source. It would provide an inexhaustible supply of energy, without pollution or global warming.” Time Magazine, November 15, 2010 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Recipe for a Small Star 1. Take a 2 mm hollow, spherical plastic capsule. 2. Fill it with 150 micrograms of a mixture of deuterium and tritium. 3. Take a laser that for about 20 billionths of a second can generate 500 trillion watts. 4. Focus all that laser power onto the surface of the capsule. 5. Wait 10 billionths of a second. Result: One miniature star Collins, LLNL Collins, LLNL Collins, LLNL Inertial Fusion Energy Pressure ~ 2,000,000 Mbar Success in the 21st Century Role of a University? Washington State University Pullman Meeting the 21st Century Challenges • Emphasis on scientific curiosity and risk taking • Integrate innovation, education, and national interests • Applied research and meaningful partnerships Never be satisfied. Be the change. Acknowledgements This lecture and the work presented today is truly a team effort and I am extremely grateful to the following: • DOE/NNSA and Washington State University • Sheila Heyns (WSU), Gilbert Collins (Livermore Lab.), Gordon Johnson (SwRI, Minneapolis), Dr. James Zheng (U.S. Army) • Many dedicated individuals have worked with me over the years • The support of my family, friends, and colleagues over the past 40 years is sincerely appreciated “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants” - Isaac Newton, in a letter to Robert Hooke, February 5, 1676 Standing on the Shoulders of Giants, Ed. N.J.W. Thrower, University of California Press, 1990