Transcript A Modified Lorentz Ether Theory

A Modified Lorentz Ether Theory
Ronald R. Hatch
Presented at the
Natural Philosophy Alliance
Meeting the University of Connecticut at Storrs
June 10, 2000
Outline
• Introduction
• First Principles
• Gravitational Effects
–
–
–
–
–
Speed of light
Clock rate
Length
Mass and energy
MLET vs. GRT
Outline Continued
• Velocity (Speed) Effects
– Effective (two-way) speed of light relative to a moving standing
wave
– Clock rate
– Length contraction
– Mass and energy
– MLET vs. SRT
• Thomas Precession
• Sagnac Effect
• Electromagnetism
• Conclusions
Introduction
• Vacuum or Ether?
“It seems absurd to retain the name ‘vacuum’ for an entity so rich in
physical properties, and the historical word ‘aether’ may fitly be
retained.” Whittaker (1951).
• Physical Medium or Mathematical Equation?
The ether had to be given up “ …not only because it turned out to be
unobservable, but because it became superfluous as an element of
mathematical formalism” Pauli
“Ask your imagination if it will accept a vibrating multiple
proportion—a numerical ratio in a state of oscillation.” Tyndall
• Equivalence of all Inertial Frames?
• Let’s Return to Physical Things—Viva La Ether!
First Principles
• Polarization implies Shear
– Not gas, unlikely fluid, likely solid
– Longitudinal and Transverse waves in a solid
•
•
•
•
Set longitudinal to zero
Set longitudinal to infinite
Elastic to rotations only—McCauley
New – Set transverse to zero
• Matter a standing wave – Can move through
a solid.
Gravitational Effects
• Movement of ether within a standing wave
reduces the ether density because of the
reaction time of the ether (maximum
velocity of c).
• Increases the external ether density and
causes an ether density gradient.
• The ether density affects the speed of light.
Speed of Light in Gravitational
Potential
• Speed of light is slower (by the square of
the gravitational scale factor) at lower
gravitational potentials.
2
• Predicted by GRT cl  c s
• Measured by Shapiro et al.
– Orbits do not have pimples
2GM
s  1
rc 2
GM
s  (exp)  2
rc
Clock Rate in a Gravitational
Potential
• Equivalence Principle—Ciufolini/Wheeler
– Predicts rising red shift & falling blue shift
• Verified net effect
– Pound & Rebka; Pound & Snider; Vessot
• Clifford M. Will’s nonsense
– The signal is shifted in frequency; to ask for more information
“…is to ask questions without observational meaning.”
• Direct Clock Effect
– Hafale/Keating; GPS
fl  f s
Length in a Gravitational Potential
• The local wavelength of light is the standard of
length. We now know that:
cl  l fl  c s   f  s
2
2
fl  f s
• But taken together these equations imply
l   s
• Thus, length is shortened in a lower gravitational
potential
Brault Verification of Length Change
• The frequency of a received signal does not
change while in transit: f r  f 
• Therefore, the received wavelength must
decrease as the square of the gravitational
scale factor: r   s2
• But a measurement of the received
wavelength compares it to the local
wavelength. Thus, r  l s
Which is what Brault measured
Mass & Energy Change in a
Gravitational Potential
• Conservation of energy when falling
(Total energy = structural Energy + Kinetic
energy)
• The structural Energy is:
El  E s  mcc s
• The Kinetic energy is:
Kl  E (1  s)  mcc (1  s)
• The mass dependence is revealed by substituiting
the local speed of light into the structural energy
El  ml cl cl  m s 3c s2c s2
MLET versus GRT
• The gravitational scale factors:
2GM
s  1
rc 2
s  (exp) 
GM
rc 2
• The radial gradient of structural energy:
F 
GMm
F 2
r s

( m c c s )
r
F 
GMms
r2
MLET Advantages
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cause of gravity—gradient of structural energy
Natural scale factor for elastic stress relief
Correct sign of periapse precession term
Self limiting gravity—no black holes
Proper compounding effect on c—Montanus
Orbital period matchs optical data—Van Flandern
Galactic rotation curves—Jefferies
Super-giant stars red-shift—Arp
Galactic expulsion of matter—Arp
Velocity Effects on the Speed of Light
• The reaction time of any portion of a standing
wave is a function of the two-way speed of light.
But the two-way velocity is different in the along
track (longitudinal) and transverse directions.
cs
ca  2

ct 
cs

 
1
v2
1 2
c
Clock Slowing with Velocity
• Moving clocks run slower—Ives, GPS, etc.
fm 
fs

Length Contraction with Velocity
• Contraction implied by Michelson-Morley
and by Kennedy-Throndike
ca
cs
s
a 


fm
f s

ct
cs
t 

 s
fm
fs
• Contraction derived from prior two effects
Mass and Energy Change with Velocity
• Gravitational effects showed lower structural
energy is associated with lower clock rates—
Therefore velocity causes lower structural energy
Em 
Es


ms

c 2  mm c 2
• But total energy of the particle goes up with
motion.
T  Es  msc2  mm 2c2
• So the kinetic energy is twice the classical amount
K  T  Em  mmc2 ( 2  1)  mmv2
Marmet & Energy
• Lower energy longer lengths
• Lower energy slower clocks
But
• Size of standing waves are a function of the speed
of light
• When light speed slows size decreases
• Light speed slows more than energy decreases
Therefore lengths are decreased even
though energy is lower
MLET versus SRT
• Acceleration causes:
– Tanghlerini/Selleri
transformation
• New clock scale
• New length scale
• Speed of light is
unchanged
• Einstein synchronization
– Lorentz transformation
• Clock bias as a function of
position
• Acceleration causes:
– Lorentz transformation or
Lorentz boost
• Hyperbolic rotation of
time and position
• New speed of light
• Synchronization is just to
set the clocks correctly
Thomas Precession
MLET
• Precession is caused by
the cross product of spin
and orbital velocity. The
result is a mass imbalance
due to length contraction
and inertial mass increase.
• A real torque caused by
force on center of spin.
• Gravity acts on center of
mass
SRT
• Precession is caused by a
non-linear sequence of
Lorentz boosts—object
precessing need not be
spinning.
• Precession occurs in the
absence of a torque.
• Gravity is not a force.
Sagnac Effect
MLET
• Speed of light is
unchanged and, hence, not
isotropic with respect to
the moving receiver.
• Rotation has nothing to do
with the phenomena
SRT
• Lorentz boosts would
predict no effect (because
the speed of light would
always be isotropic).
• Unexplained rotational
phenomena—Post
• Non-isotropic light speed
caused by rotation—
Ashby
Experimental MLET Support
• GPS
– Sagnac effect present even though the electromagnetic
signal follows a straight line path.
– Sagnac effect for orbit is present when a sun-centered
frame is used.
• JPL Navigation of Interplanetary probes
– Sagnac effect is present for both orbital and spin
velocities of receivers on the earth.
– Sagnac effect is present for signals received by the
spacecraft.
• VLBI performed in both earth- and sun-centered frame—
Orbital Sagnac effect present in sun-centered frame
Gravity & Electromagnetism
Gravitational potential –
Ether density gradient
Kinetic potential –
Ether shear (twist)
gradient
Electric potential –
oscillating density
gradient
Magnetic potential –
Oscillating shear gradient
(gravity waves are identical
with electromagnetic
waves – LIGO)
(inward or outward phase
motion of oscillation
determines the polarity)
Conclusions
• MLET gravitational model solves fundamental
problems and is subject to experimental
verification—Suggest Gravity Probe C
• MLET velocity model in full agreement with all
experimental data—does not depend upon magical
equations as SRT does.
• LIGO experiments should indicate failure of GRT
model within 10 years.