Transcript LIGO-India Detecting Einstein’s Elusive Waves Opening a

LIGO-India
An Indo-US joint mega-project concept proposal
IndIGO Consortium
(Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations)
Tarun Souradeep, IUCAA
(Spokesperson, IndIGO)
www.gw-indigo.org
Mega-projects meeting
DST, Delhi
Nov 21, 2011
mega@home
A Century long Wait
• Einstein’s Gravitation (1916-2011):
 Beauty : symmetry in fundamental physics –mother of gauge theories
 & precision : matches
experimental
testslink
till date to high precision
GWall
Astronomy
GW
prediction systems
to directare
detection
Hertz for Maxwell
EM theory)
Astrophysical
sources (aoflacopious
GW emission:
• Two Fundamental
96% of universe doe not
Difference
betweensignal!
GR and
emit Electromagnetic
EM
•GW emission efficiency (10% of mass for BH-39mergers) >>
- Weakness of Gravitation relative to EM (10 )
EM radiation via Nuclear fusion (0.05% of mass)
-Spin
2 nature ofemitted
GW vs Spin
1 of
EMbinary
that forbids
radiation
in GR
Energy/mass
in GW
from
>> EM dipole
radiation
in the lifetime
• Feeble effect of GW on a Detector  strong sources
• Universe is buzzing with GW signals from cores of astrophysical events
• GW(SN,
Hertz
experiment
out.stellar
Only cannibalism
astrophysical
Bursts
GRB),
mergers, ruled
accretion,
,… systems
involving huge masses and accelerating very strongly are
• Extremely
interaction,
hence,
difficult to detect directly
potentialWeak
detectable
sources
of has
GWbeen
signals.
But also implies GW carry unscreened & uncontaminated signals
Indirect evidence for Gravity waves
Binary pulsar systems emit gravitational waves
Pulsar
Nobel prize
in 1993 !!!
Hulse and Taylor
14yr slowdown
of PSR1913+16
companion
Principle behind direct Detection of GW
L ~ 1019 m / Hz (Achieved)  L ~ 1020 m / Hz
Era of Advanced GW detectors: 2015
Detector
Generation
Initial LIGO
(2002 -2006)
Enhanced LIGO
(2X Sensitivity)
(2009-2010)
Advanced LIGO
(10X sensitivity)
(2014 - …)
NS-NS
NS-BH
0.02
0.0006
BH-BH
10x sensitivity
10x dist reach
 1000 volume
 >> 1000X
0.0009 event
rate
(reach beyond
0.1
0.04
nearest0.07
super-
clusters)
40
10
A Day of Advanced
LIGO Observation >>
A year of Initial LIGO
20
observation
Global Network of GW Observatories improves…
1. Detection confidence 2. Duty cycle 3. Source direction 4. Polarization info.
GEO: 0.6km
LIGO-LHO: 2km+ 4km
VIRGO: 3km
future: LCGT 3 km
TAMA/CLIO
Time delays in milliseconds
India provides the largest
baselines.
(Aus would have been 42ms)
LIGO-LLO: 4km
LIGO-India ?
LIGO-India: … the opportunity
Science Gain from Strategic Geographical Relocation
Source localization error
Courtesy:
S. Fairhurst
•
Detection confidence
•
Duty cycle
•
Source localization (4th
detector breaks degeneracy)
•
Polarization info.
Gravitational wave Astronomy :
vit
Note:
•IndIGO was admitted to GWIC in July 2011 : Intl.
recognition of the growing community in India.
•IndIGO has been accepted into the LIGO Science Collab.
(LSC) : pan-Indian 7 institutes: 15 members: Theory, DA +
EXPERIMENTERS ) : Sept. 2011
GWIC Roadmap Document
Highly MultiSchematic of Advanced LIGOdetectors
disciplinary
+++astro
Statement : Prof. P.K. Kaw, Director IPR
The case for LIGO-India is very compelling. Gravitational astronomy … threshold of its
birth and …. as a totally new window for the exploration of our Universe.
Discoveries in this new field …. and will lead to many Nobel Prizes.
single
technology
they’re…touching
they’re
pushing,
and….there’s
We“Every
are getting
an opportunity
to leapfrog
and participate
as equal
partners
institutions
likeaCaltech,
Berkeleytechnologies
and Stanford. they’re touching.”
lot of MIT,
different
(Beverly Berger, National Science Foundation Program director for gravitational physics. )
We already have a community of distinguished gravitational physicists/ astronomers in India …..
We are also lucky in having developed in several of our scientific institutes, the essential
technical expertise required … We are therefore confident that it can be taken up as a
challenge by our young scientists and engineers who can deliver the goods by working
closely with industries in India .
We strongly believe that the quality of scientific output from the LIGO project, if
so high that it is a risk worth taking and
too good an opportunity to be allowed to be lost .
successful, is going to be
Large scale Ultra high Vacuum to be fabricated in India
10 mega -litres at nano-torr!!!
LIGO-India: Salient points of the megaproject
• On Indian Soil with International Cooperation (no competition)
• Partner in major science discovery!!! (IndIGO already part of LSC)
• AdvLIGO would be first setup at USA.
– AdvLIGO-USA precedes LIGO-India by > 3 years. Staggered time-line  dual advantage.
– Indian experimenters would participate in Adv-LIGO-USA
– Significant US expertise will pave way for faster execution of LIGO-India (Already Stan Whitcomb
Chief Sc. LIGO; Rana Adhikari- Caltech-LIGO (+ GEO,EGO,….) have committed to spend a 2+
months/year in India
• US hardware contribution ready : no uncertainty in timeline
– Adv.LIGO is the Largest NSF funded project in USA
– LIGO-India option of LIGO lab USA initially approved by NSF blue ribbon committee on Oct 7, 2011
The panel believes
that
science
for LIGO-India is compelling,
• ' Expenditure
entirely
in the
Indian
labscase
& Industry.
reason
enough
to move capability
forward in the
near term
… DAE labs &
• and
Very
significant
Industrial
upgrade.
Indian
Industry assessed to be in position to carry out phase-I of LIGO-India.
We
note that LIGO-India is the only option actively under consideration
(Senior LIGO team visited Indian labs & facilities in Aug &Oct 2011]
by the LIGO Laboratory.' -- NSF
• Well defined training plan  Generate large number (~100)of highly
trained HRD in areas of wide application in S &T.
•
Major data analysis centre for the entire LIGO network. Huge opportunity for
Indian University participation.
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India : Expected
Indian Contribution
Phase 1 (2012-16)
 Site
(L-config: 100 m x 8km), survey, acquisition, site preparation
Ultra-high Vacuum enclosure : design adaptation  industry
 Transfer of Interferometer components from USA
 Training through participation of core team at advanced LIGO-USA
 HPC-Data centre + Expansion of current science user community by 2015
Phase 2 (2017-19)
 Interferometer installation & commissioning
Engineering
run : Rs. 10 Crores (Seed Funding)
Budget:
2011-13
2012-17: Rs. 650 Crores
Phase
(2020-2030)
2017-22: Rs.
3803 Crores
o Science runs
and sustained
operations
2022-27:
Rs. 230
Crores
o Research labs to participate in upgrade lines & 3rd gen.
Time
frame:& Astronomy
Site and
Detector Construction: 2012-2019
o Physics
research
Commissioning and Science Runs: 2019
Network Operation:
2020
LIGO-India: meeting the challenges
Indian contribution in human resources:
 UHV construction supervision [team expertise, experience &
resource identified from RRCAT & IPR within IndIGO (+ BARC?)]
 Site survey working group [with geophysicists and civil engineering
groups in place]
 Scientific & Engineering manpower for detector assembly,
installation and commissioning (2012-2014).
To participate in installation and comm. of Adv. LIGO USA
• 2 PDFs in LIGO already; 2 under consideration ,…..
• Returning researchers from intl GW labs (UWAus, Glasgow, B’ham UK),….
 Trained S&E manpower for LIGO-India sustained operations for
around 2018 (7 years from now)
 Parallel developments in technology R&D in national labs
LIGO-India: a good idea for Intl. community !
• Geographical relocation Strategic for GW astronomy
• Potentially larger GW expt & science community in the future
HRD@home
– Indian demographics: youth dominated – need challenges
– Improved UG education system will produce a larger number of students
with aspirations looking for frontline research opportunity at home.
• Present experimental expertise within IndIGO
Laser ITF: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR, IITM, IIT K, IISER Pune, IISER, Kol, IISER TVM
+ …?
UH Vacuum: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR +….?
In project mode, each group can scale to 10 Post-doc & PhD students in 2-3
years.
 Major enhancement of Science & Data Analysis team. Consolidated
IndIGO participation in LIGO Science Collab. (Sept 2011)
 Sukanta Bose, senior LSC member, USA applied to IUCAA
 Sanjit Mitra : Caltech IUCAA, Sengupta  DU
 Expand theory and create numerical relativity simulation.
Expect hiring in premier institutions Ajith P. , TAPIR, Caltech ?
The IndIGO Consortium
Data Analysis &
Theory
Sanjeev Dhurandhar
Bala Iyer
Tarun Souradeep
Anand Sengupta
University
Archana Pai
Sanjit Mitra
K G Arun
Rajesh Nayak
A. Gopakumar
IUCAA
RRI
IUCAA
Delhi
IISER,-TVM
JPL , IUCAA
CMI
IISER-K
IFR
T R Seshadri
Delhi University
Patrick Dasgupta Delhi University
Sanjay Jhingan
Jamila Milia
L. Sriramkumar,
IIT M
Bhim P. Sarma
Tezpur Univ .
Sanjay Sahay
BITS, Goa
P Ajith
Caltech
Sukanta Bose,
Wash. U.
B. S. Sathyaprakash
Cardiff University
Soumya Mohanty
UTB, Brownsville
Badri Krishnan
Max Planck AEI
Satyanarayan Mohapatra, UM, Amherst
Instrumentation & Experiment
60
C. S. Unnikrishnan TIFR
50
G Rajalakshmi
TIFR,
P.K. Gupta
RRCAT
Sendhil40Raja
RRCAT
S.K. Shukla
RRCAT
Raja Rao
RRCAT exx
30
Anil Prabhakar,
IIT M
Shanti Bhattacharya IIT M
Pradeep
IIT K
20 Kumar,
Ajai Kumar
IPR
S.K. Bhatt
IPR
Vasant10
Natarajan
IISc
Umakant Rapol
IISER Pune
Shiva Patil
IISER Pune
0
Joy Mitra
IISER Tvm
2009
2010
S. Ghosh
IISER Kol
Supriyo Mitra
IISER Kol
Ranjan Gupta
IUCAA
Bhal Chandra Joshi
NCRA,
Rijuparna Chakraborty Cote d’Azur,
Rana Adhikari
Caltech
Suresh Doravari
Caltech
S. Sunil
U. W. Aus.
Expter
Rahul Kumar
U. of Glasgow
DA LIGO ex
Biplab Bhawal
Theory
2011
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India : Vacuum
structure & engineering
Phase 1. Large scale ultra-high Vacuum enclosure
S.K. Shukla (RRCAT), A.S. Raja Rao (ex RRCAT),
S. Bhatt (IPR), Ajai Kumar (IPR)
To be fabricated by Industry with designs from LIGO. A pumped volume of 10000m3
(10Mega-litres), evacuated to an ultra high vacuum of nano-torr (10-9 torr ).
Spiral weld UHV beam tubes
1.2 m dia: 20 m sections.
Sections butt welded to 200m
UHV Optical tanks to house
mirrors : end, beam splitter,…
Expansion Bellows btw 200m
beam sections, 1 m gate valves
Plan : Large scale ultra-high Vacuum
• Fabricated and installed by Indian Industry under close
monitoring by science & technology team
o Oversee the procurement & fabrication of the vacuum system components and its
installation by a national multi-institutional team.
o DAE commitment to LIGO-India  Intense participation of RRCAT & IPR possible.
o All vacuum components such as flanges, gate-valves, pumps, residual gas
analyzers and leak detectors will be bought.
o Companies L&T, Fullinger, HindHiVac, Godrej, … with close support from RRCAT,
IPR and LIGO Lab.
• 1st round of discussions with Industry in Feb 2011 : Companies like
HHV, Fullinger, Godrej in consultation with Stan Whitcomb (LIGO), D. Blair
(ACIGA) since this was a major IndIGO deliverable to LIGO-Australia. Followed
by visit by LIGO expt to industry in Aug 2011.
• DPR: Costing for LIGO-India vacuum component is 330 cr.
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India : Detector
Assembly & commisionning
Phase 2. Detector Assembly & Commissioning
For installation and commissioning phase:
• Identify 10-15 core experienced Enggs. & scientists who spend a
year, or more, at Advanced LIGO-USA during its install. & comm.
– 2 post-docs at LIGO Caltech (2010, 2011), 2 more other under consideration
in LIGO and EGO
– Present experimental expertise within IndIGO
Laser ITF: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR,NPL, IITM, IIT K, IISER Pune, IISER, Kol, IISER TVM
UH Vacuum: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR, BARC
In project mode, each group can scale to 10 Post-doc & PhD students in 2-3
years.
• 6-10 full time engineers and scientists in India.
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India : Trained
Manpower generation and
sustenance
LIGO-India: … the challenges
Manpower generation for sustenance of LIGO-India :
Preliminary Plans & exploration
• Advanced LIGO USA will have a lead time over LIGO-India
Indian personnel trained in USA bring expertise to LIGO-India and build
groups using associated training program. (DST /Academy/… programs, e.g,
BOYSCAST, Ramanujan may be helpful, perhaps not sufficient.)
•
IndIGO Summer internships in International labs underway (2nd year).
o High UG applications 30/40 each year from IIT, IISER, NISERS,..
o 2 summers, 10 students, 1 starting PhD at LIGO-MIT
o Plans to extend to participating National labs to generate more experimenters
• IndIGO schools are planned annually to expose students to emerging
opportunity in GW science
o 1st IndIGO school in Dec 2010 in Delhi Univ. (thru IUCAA)
o Funded ICTS Cosmology & GW school in IUCAA, Dec 2011
• Tech. Training school (initially period offered by IPR, RRCAT) & also Post graduate
school specialization course at IUCAA  major UG to PhD program (involve Intl
community).
LIGO-India: … the challenges
Indian Site
Requirements:
• Low seismicity
• Low human generated noise
• Air connectivity
• Proximity to Academic institutions, labs, industry preferred, …
• Identify potential sites not too far from existing facilities
• Need to carry out seismic survey to get ground noise
spectral density at 0.1-10 Hz range
• Few interesting possibilities are under investigation
IndIGO Data Centre@IUCAA
 Primary Science: Online Coherent search for GW signal from
binary mergers using data from global detector network
Coherent  4 x event rate (40  160 /yr for NS-NS)
 Role of IndIGO data centre
 Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of GW data and analysis
 Bring together data-analysts within the Indian science community.
 Puts IndIGO on the global map for international collaboration with LIGO
Science Collab. wide facility. Part of the LSC participation by IndIGO
 Large University sector participation via IUCAA
• ~200 Tflops peak capability (by 2014)
• Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer.
• Network: gigabit+ backbone, National Knowledge Network
• Gigabit dedicatedlink to LIGO lab Caltech
• 20 Tf ,200 Tb funded IUCAA : ready Mid 2012
LIGO-India: … what is needed?
National level DST-DAE Consortium Flagship Mega-project
 IUCAA is prepared to be the lead institute and key-science
stake holder
It would have support from National DAE labs such as IPR &
RRCAT (Possibly TIFR & BARC) Explicit statements from
Director, RRCAT & Director, IPR
 Project leader : Search Committee of NSC chair +lead institutes
(Prof. Kaw IPR, Prof. Gupta RRCAT), IndIGO chair – chaired by AKK, IUCAA.
Construction: Substantial Engg project building. Indian
capability in large vacuum system engg, welding techniques
and technology Exists (IPR, RRCAT: LIGO team assessment)
Train manpower for installation & commissioning
 Generate & sustain manpower running for 10 years.
 Site
LIGO-India: unique once-in-a-generation opportunity
LIGO labs LIGO-India
?
• 180 W pre-stabilized Nd:YAG laser
• 10 interferometer core optics (test masses, folding mirrors, beam splitter, recycling mirrors)
• Input condition optics, including electro-optic modulators, Faraday isolators, a suspended mode-cleaner (12-m
long mode-defining cavity), and suspended mode-matching telescope optics.
• 5 "BSC chamber" seismic isolation systems (two stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages
capable of ~200 kg payloads)
• 6 "HAM Chamber" seismic isolation systems (one stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages
capable of ~200 kg payloads)
• 11 Hydraulic External Pre-Isolation systems
• Five quadruple stage large optics suspensions systems
• Triple stage suspensions for remaining suspended optics
• Baffles and beam dumps for controlling scattering and stray radiation
• Optical distortion monitors and thermal control/compensation system for large optics
• Photo-detectors, conditioning electronics, actuation electronics and conditioning
• Data conditioning and acquisition system, software for data acquisition
• Supervisory control and monitoring system, software for all control systems
• Installation tooling and fixturing
Advanced LIGO Laser
• Designed and contributed by Albert Einstein Institute, Germany
• Much higher power (to beat down photon shot noise)
– 10W
 180W (narrow sub kHz line width)
• Better stability
– 10x improvement in intensity (nano ppm) and frequency
stability (mHz)
• Unique globally. Would require years of focused R &D effort in India
• AdvLIGO laser has spurred RRCAT to envisage planning development of
similar laser capability in the next 5 year plans. IIT M/K group also interested.
• Multiple applications of narrow line width laser : Freq time stand, precision
metrology, Quantum key distribution, high sensitivity seismic sensors (geo sc.),
coherence LIDAR (atm sc.), ….
Advanced LIGO Mirrors
•
• Larger size
– 11 kg  40 kg, 2534 cm
• Smaller figure error
– 0.7 nm  0.35 nm
• Lower absorption
– 2 ppm  0.5 ppm
• Lower coating thermal noise
Surface specs (/3000) : 100 x best telescope optics
• Surface specs currently available in India for much
smaller sizes /20
• Indian industry may now be challenged to achieve on
small scale, eg., for TIFR 3m prototype
• Technology for such mirror useful for high optical
metrology and other specialized applications
LIGO-India: unique once-in-a-generation opportunity
“Quantum measurements”
further improvement via squeezed light:
• Potential technology spin-offs will impact quantum computing and
quantum key distribution (QKD) for secure communications.
(IITM approached by ITI for QKD development.)
• New ground for optics and communication technology in India
+ Cold atom labs (IISc., IISERP,….), Precision force measurements,….
• High Potential to draw
the best Indian UG students, typically
interested in theoretical physics, into experimental science !!!
Optics Installation Under
Cleanroom Conditions
•High precision skills
• Low contamination labs & trained manpower for
related Indian labs & industry
• Application in other sciences, eg. Material sciences,
Space , biotech ,…
LIGO-G1100108-v1
Courtesy: Stan Whitcomb
Concluding remarks on LIGO-India
• Home ground advantage. Unique & unprecedented opportunity.
• Threshold of discovery and launch of a new observational window
in human history!! Century after Einstein GR, 40 yrs of Herculean global efforts
• Unlike other projects the key crucial components and subsystems have
already been developed and individually tested & validated and are ready to
be taken up for installation. So there are no uncertainties regarding the
technological feasibility.
• No requirement of a incubation period for technology demonstration,
pathfinder mission etc. as the current design and technology for the detector
is based on R&D and development done by the LSC over the past to decades
• Attain high technology gains for Indian labs & industries
Thank you !!!
• India pays true tribute to fulfilling Chandrasekhar’s legacy:
”Astronomy is the natural home of general relativity”
Option No 5
•Acquire modest extra
adjoining land
Option No 7
• Skirt DRDO
• Swap with Sheep farm
• minor land acquisition
Director RRCAT’s statement
The LIGO-India being a project of National interest and entailing
high end technologies such as lasers, optics and vacuum is of great
interest to RRCAT. RRCAT would provide all the required support for key
technological expertise for lasers, optics and vacuum by way of design,
expert advice, consultancy and training of manpower in vacuum
technology and optics/laser technology etc, required for the project.
Manpower recruited for the vacuum and laser/optics activities of IndIGO
project will be trained at RRCAT by way of participation in the various
ongoing developmental projects in the respective fields. These trained
manpower can then contribute to the IndIGO project as the facility gets
built. This mode of participation in IndIGO would lead to valuable
contributions to the project without affecting the ongoing projects at
RRCAT and also ensure that sufficient trained manpower is available
during installation and commissioning phase to run the project in a
sustainable manner.
Statement : P.K. Kaw, Director, IPR
The case for LIGO-India is very compelling. Gravitational astronomy is at the threshold
of its birth and is likely to emerge, in the coming few decades , as a totally new
window for the exploration of our Universe. Discoveries in this new field are likely
to revolutionize our understanding of the Universe and will lead to many Nobel Prizes.
We are getting an opportunity to leapfrog and participate as equal partners in this
exciting enterprise , by working closely with one of the world’s most advanced groups
viz. scientists and engineers of LIGO project from institutions like Caltech, MIT, Berkeley
and Stanford.
We already have a community of distinguished gravitational physicists/ astronomers
in India and in the Indian community abroad, who can provide leadership in the
utilization of data from LIGO detectors for the purposes of modeling and interpretations.
We are also lucky in having developed in several of our scientific institutes, the essential
technical expertise required for setting up the basic infrastructure such as the selection
of an appropriate site, the detailed design and fabrication of large volume ultra high
vacuum systems, the basic vibration isolation and dynamic real time control experience
and experience in working with simple laser based interferometer/Febry-Perot etalon
systems. We can look forward to the import of new ideas and transfer of highly
sophisticated new technologies, which will inevitably arise if we take up the task of
implementing the LIGO India project in close collaboration with LIGO team. We are therefore
confident that it can be taken up as a challenge by our young scientists and engineers who
can deliver the goods by working closely with industries in India . We strongly believe that
the quality of scientific output from the LIGO project, if successful, is going to be so high
it is a risk worth taking and too good an opportunity to be allowed to be lost .
LIGO-India vs. Indian-IGO ?
Primary advantage: LIGO-India Provides cutting edge instrumentation &
technology to jump start GW detection and astronomy.
Would require at least a decade of focused & sustained technology developments
in Indian laboratories and industry
•
180 W Nd:YAG: 5 years;
– Operation and maintenance should benefit further development in narrow line width lasers.
– Applications in high resolution spectroscopy,
– precision interferometry and metrology.
• Input conditioning optics..Expensive..No Indian manufacturer with such specs
• Seismic isolation (BCE,HAM) .. Minimum 2 of years of expt and R&D.
– Experience in setting up and maintaining these systems  know how for
isolation in critical experiments such as in optical metrology,
AFM/Microscopy, gravity experiments etc.
• 10 interferometer core optics.. manufacturing optics of this quality and
develop required metrology facility : At least 5 to 7 years of
dedicated R&D work in optical polishing, figuring and metrology.
• Five quadruple stage large optics suspensions systems.. 3-4 years of
development.. Not trivial to implement.
– Benefit other physics experiments working at the quantum limit of noise.
LIGO-India: Project team requirements
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India Director
Project manager
Project engineering staff:
Civil engineer(s)
Vacuum engineer(s)
Systems engineer(s),
Mechanical engineers
Electronics engineers
Software engineers
Detector leader
Project system engineer
Detector subsystem leaders
10-15 talented scientists or research engineers
with interest and knowledge collectively spanning:
Lasers and optical devices, Optical metrology, handling and cleaning,
Precision mechanical structures, Low noise electronics, Digital control systems
and electro-mechanical servo design, Vacuum cleaning and handling)
Indian Gravitational wave strengths
• Very good students and post-docs produced in Indian GW groups over 20yrs .
* Leaders in GW research abroad [Sathyaprakash, Bose, Mohanty] (3)
* Recently returned to faculty positions at premier Indian institutions (6)
– Gopakumar (Jena TIFR) and Arun (VirgoCMI) : PN modeling, dynamics of CB,
Ap and cosmological implications of parameter estimation
– Rajesh Nayak (UTB  IISER K) , Archana Pai (AEI  IISER T), Anand Sengupta
(LIGO, Caltech Delhi), Sanjit Mitra (JPL  IUCAA ): Extensive experience on
single and multi-detector detection, hierarchical techniques, noise characterisation
schemes, veto techniques for GW transients, bursts, continuous and stochastic
sources, radiometric methods, …
– P. Ajith (Caltech, LIGO/TAPIR  ? ) ……
– Sukanta Bose (Faculty UW, USA  ?)
Strong Indian presence in GW Astronomy with Global detector network 
broad international collaboration is the norm  relatively easy to get
people back.
•
Close interactions with Rana Adhikari (Caltech), B.S. Sathyaprakash (Cardiff), Sukanta
Bose ( WU, Pullman)  India ?, Soumya Mohanty (UTB), Badri Krishnan ( AEI) …
Indo-US centre for Gravitational Physics and
Astronomy @ IUCAA
APPROVED (Dec 2010). Funds received Jul 6, 2011
• Centre of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF)
• Exchange program to fund mutual visits and facilitate
interactions leading to collaborations
• Nodal centres: IUCAA , Pune, India & Caltech, Pasadena, USA.
• Institutions:
Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep
USA: Caltech, WSU
- PI: Rana Adhikari
Multi-Institutional,
Multi-disciplinary
Consortium Nodal Institutions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
CMI, Chennai
Delhi University
IISER, Kolkata
IISER, TVM
IISER, Pune
IIT Madras (EE)
IIT Kanpur (EE)
IUCAA, Pune
RRCAT, Indore
TIFR, Mumbai
IPR, Ahmedabad
Ind. Members from
• TIFR Mumbai
• IISc, Bangalore
• RRI, Bangalore
IndIGO: Goals
• Provide a common umbrella to initiate and expand GW
related Experimental activity and train new technically
skilled manpower
• July 2011 IndIGO Consortium Application for
Gravitational Wave International Committee (GWIC)
Accepted.
• Pan-Indian consolidated IndIGOmembership in LIGO
Scientific Collaboration (LSC) for participation in
Advanced LIGO. Sept 2011
• Create a Tier-2 data centre in IUCAA for LIGO Scientific
Collaboration Deliverables and as a LSC Resource
IndIGO: current activities
 Starting collaborative work under the
IUSSTF Indo-US IUCAA-Caltech joint Centre
at IUCAA
Indo-Jap project “Coherent multi-detector
gravitational wave search using LCGT and
advanced interferometers”
Explore the Roadmap for EGO-IndIGO
collaboration on GW and a possible MOU (Meeting
on Nov 1-2 ,2011 at IUCAA)
Explore Indian participation in LISA and space
based GW detectors in the future ( ASTROD 5
meeting on July 14 – 16, 2012 at RRI)
 Propose LIGO-India !!!
IndIGO Consortium – a brief history
• Dec. 2007 : ICGC2007 @IUCAA: Rana Adhikari’s visit & discussions
• 2009:
– Australia-India S&T collaboration (Iyer & Blair)
Establishing Australia-India collaboration in GW Astronomy
–
IndIGO Consortium: Reunion meeting IUCAA (Aug 9, 2009)
–
GW Astronomy Roadmap for India;
• 2009-2011:
– Meetings at Kochi, Pune, Shanghai, Perth, Delhi
to Define, Reorient and Respond to the Global (GWIC) strategies
for setting up the International GW Network.
– Bring together scattered Indian Experimental Expertise;
Individuals & Institutions
• March 2011: IndIGO-I Proposal: Participation in LIGO-Australia
• May 2011+: LIGO-India..
LIGO-India Budget Summary:
2012-2027 In Rs. Crores
Total Projected cost 2012-27: Rs. 1260 Crores
S.No.
ITEM description
2012-17
100
2017-22
---
2022-27
---
---
---
1
Land Acquisition & preparation
2
Transfer of Equipment
’20
3
Vacuum Infrastructure
275
55
4
Buildings, Clean Rooms & Infrastructure
120
30
10
5
Staff Salaries
25
25
25
6
Computing and Data centre
20
60
7
Knowledge Exchange
Manpower development
Travel,Vehicles/Transport
10
10
8
Detector Installation & Commissioning
45
55
9
Detector Operation & Maintenance
0
90
140
10
3rd Generation R&D (Consortium)
5
25
30
11
Contingency Funds
30
30
20
TOTAL
650
380
230
---
5
--
LIGO-India Time-line
2012 - 2013
2014 - 2015
Site survey, measurements, validation, selection and
acquisition
Site preparation, Design and Drawings for Buildings, Tendering
for Civil infrastructure, construction of Central and End stations.
2012 - 2015
On site training and participation at LIGO-USA during initial
phases of LIGO-USA assembly and tests.
2012- 2013
Update and finalization of drawings for UHV systems,
Preparation of infrastructure for fabrication & tests, Establishing
protocols and processes for fabrication.
2014 - 2017
Fabrication of spiral welded tubes and main UHV End stations
2015 - 2016
Shipping of LIGO components from LIGO-USA
2016
Start of LIGO-India interferometer assembly
2016 - 2018
2018 - 2019
2019 - 2020
LIGO-India integration, tests and validation
Locked operation of the detector and tuning to aimed sensitivity.
Science Runs and regular Operation of LIGO-India
2020 -
Network runs and GW astronomy with LIGO-India
Estimate details
1b
UHV drawings update and validation
Expert Consultancy etc.
a) Material cost SS304L/316L (3 - 4mm sheet + SS stiffners)
= 180 kg /m x @ 400 Rs/kg
1c
UHV conditioning: Pre cleaning and
Baking @450 deg. etc.
1a
Unit cost (Rs)
Total Cost
Rs.
Crores
1.0
72000
65.0
40000/m
36.0
20000/m
10000/m
18.0
9.0
1.0 Cr.
5.0 Cr.
20000/m
50000/m
6.0
18.0
Fabrication
Welding (material + labour): Rs. 10000 per meter beam tube
Testing, repair and validation: Rs. 10000/m
1d
Jigs and Fixtures Rs. 10000/m
UHV chambers and flanges
(6 large chambers 2.5 m dia. x 3 m
+ 6 smaller ones 2 m dia. x 2 m) + Flanges
Material costs SS316L/SS304L
1 e Fabrication & Tests
1 f Cleaning and pre-baking
1 g Leak Detection and characterization
(including equipment, material & labour costs)
2
3
Ion pumps 2500 l/s x 6, 1000l/s x 10 with controllers
Cost of Gauges and other vacuum instrumentation
4
Cost of 10 Turbo Drag Pumps (25 lacs (35K+ Euro)/TMP)
+ Dry backing pumps (10K Euro/pump)
45.0
3.0
5.0
3.5
5
Roots pumps, Backing for roughing (3 nos) + accessories
120 K- Euro
/pump
6
Cryopumping facility (77K) 2 nos
(local fabrication and testing)
1.5 Crores
7
8
9
Valves (main valves 10 numbers @ 40 K Euro each + smaller
UHV valves 8K Euro average x 30 nos
Bellows
Baking system
5.0
10.0
20.0
10
11
NEG pumps with 200 CF valves
Total about 50 nos @ 10K Euro per unit
Miscellaneous Expenditure (materials/UHV hardware)
4.0
12.0
12
Vacuum accessories and supplies (including stock for
operation and maintenance)
10.0
13
14
15
16
Electrical power systems for UHV
(wiring/safety/emergency power)
Mobile clean rooms and supplies for fabrication
Technology development and validation for upgrades
Contingency and Upgrade
TO TAL
2.5
3.0
2.0
12.0
15.0
25.0
330.0
Why is LIGO-India Such an Attractive
Project?
• Indian academia and industry would be
working together on the project.
• The project provides a high-technology
opportunity to showcase the abilities of
Indian institutions and industry.
• The project will lead to significant human
resources development in academic,
scientific, technical and industrial spheres.