Transcript Electromagnetic Black Hole Made of Metamaterials

Electromagnetic Black Hole
Made of Metamaterials
B96901128 王郁翔
Outline
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1. Introduction
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2. Theory & Structures
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3. Experiments & Results
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4. Conclusions
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5. References
What is Black Hole?
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1. Laplace’s view
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2. Schwarzschild’s solution of Einstein’s
vacuum field equation (general relativity)
Analogy Between Mechanics and
Electromagnetic
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Curved space----inhomogeneous
metamaterial
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Least action principle----Fermat’s principle
Characteristics
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Non-resonant structure—broad band
light absorption
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Omnidirectional
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Lossy core and lossless shell.
Usage
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Cross-talk reduction
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Thermal light emitting source
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Solar light harvesting
Theoretic Analysis
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Hamilton equations:
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p:generalized momentum q:generalized
coordinate
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H: Hamiltonian
Theoretic Analysis
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For cylindrical structure,
use semiclassical analysis[3]
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Inhomogeneous permittivity—
potential.
different
Inhomogeneous Permeability
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For n=-1, 1, 2, 3
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Choose n=2
easiest to fabricate
Structures
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Lossy circular inner core—ELC resonator
(20 layers)
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Lossless circular shell—I-shaped
metamaterials (40 layers)
ELC resonator
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t=1.6mm,g=0.3mm,p=0.15mm,s=0.65mm
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Resonate at 18GHz
I-shaped
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w=0.15mm, q=1.1mm, 18GHz
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Different m, different ε
Experiment condition
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18GHz
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Cell 1.8mm
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R=108mm, Rc=36mm, height=5.4mm
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Fabricate on styrofoam board
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Parallel-plate waveguide near-field
scanning system to measure
Simulation
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Gaussian beam
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Absorbing rate 99.94%, 98.72%
Simulation & Experiment
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Narrow beam simulation, experiment
Simulation of Plane wave
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Electric field and power flow.
Simulation & Experiment
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Nearby source excitation.
Optical Frequency
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R=20μm, Rc=8.4μm, λ=1.5 μm
Conclusion
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Designed, fabricated, and measured an
electromagnetic black hole.
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Really useful in solar light harvesting?
Reference
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[1] Cheng,Q., Cui,T.J., Jiang,W.X., Cai,B.G. An
electromagnetic black hole made of metamaterials,
2009
[2] Narimanov, E. E., Kildishev, A. V. Optical black
hole: Broadband omnidirectional light absorber.
Appl.Phys. Lett. 95, 041106 (2009).
[3] Landau, L. D., & Lifshitz, E. M. The Classical
Theory of Fields, 4th ed. (Butterworth Heinemann,
1999).