Transcript Ch.8- Cellular basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Ch.8- Cellular basis of
Reproduction and
Inheritance
We all started out as
one cell, how did we
become more?
Cell division from the
original cell
Is this type of division
sexual or asexual?
Asexual, because
each new cell is
identical to the original
When a Seastar grows
back an arm what type
of division does it
require?
Asexual
What type of
reproduction is
required to produce
Sea star sperm or
eggs?
Sexual - the sperm or
eggs are not identical
to the original cell
This is a picture of
the stages of
development of a
Sea Star embryo
What type of
reproduction is this
ameba doing?
Asexual - both cells
are identical and will
lead to 2 new ameba
What do you think “like
begets like” means?
It means people make
more people and sea
stars make more sea
stars, people can’t
make sea stars
How do people
reproduce more
people?
Through sexual
reproduction
What is the benefit to
reproducing sexually
over asexually?
Variety - sexual
reproduction does not
produce clones (exact
duplicates) of the
parents
What type of organism
is pictured on the
right?
Prokaryote-Bacteria
What type of
reproduction is this?
Asexual-binary fission
What are the
spaghetti like
things in the cell?
Chromosomes
What has to
happen to them
before the cell can
divide?
It must be
duplicated
How are genes carried in a
cell?
On a chromosome
What are chromosomes
made of?
Protein and DNA called
chromatin
When the chromosome’s
DNA is duplicated the
chromosome is then made
up of two ______
________
Sister Chromatids
What is the longest
stage of the cell cycle?
Interphase
When is the DNA
replicated?
Interphase
Mitosis means the
splitting of the
nucleus, what does
cytokinesis mean?
The division of the
cytoplasm
Mitosis has 4 stages what
are they?
Prophase,
metaphase,anaphase and
telophase (PMAT)
What is happening during
these stages?
The sister chromatids are
lining up in the middle of
the cell and separating
When did the sister
chromatids get made?
Interphase (S phase)
What is happening
during the three
stages of interpase?
G1 = gap1 supplies
are increased
S = DNA copied
creating two sister
chromatids
G2 = proteins
synthesis for mitosis
At what stage of
mitosis are the
chromosomes first
visible?
Prophase
What stage of the
cell cycle is the
longest?
Interphase
What phase is
shown on the
right?
Metaphase
Cleavage
What does cleavage
mean?
Separation
What is happening
when a cleavage
furrow forms?
The cell is separating
into two.
What type of cells
form cleavage furrows
during cytokinesis?
Animal
What types of cells
form cell plates
during cytokinesis?
Plant
What do you notice
about these cells
growth when some
cells are taken
away?
They never grow
on top of each
other, they stop
dividing when the
dish has one layer.
What happens
when those cells
become
cancerous?
They don’t stop
growing and create
a tumor
What is the purpose of
the checkpoints in the
cell cycle?
They are like built-in
brakes to keep the cell
from reproducing
when it shouldn’t
What types of
chemicals can switch
the G1 checkpoint on?
Growth hormones
What type of process
is it when a hormone
signals the cell to do
something?
Signal transduction
What happens if a cell
does not get growth
factor?
It will probably stay in
interphase
How the cell cycle
works
What causes cancer cells
to grow out of control?
Their checkpoints are not
working
What is the difference
between a malignant tumor
and a benign tumor?
Malignant tumors continue
to divide and pieces can
break off and spread to
other parts of the body.
Benign tumors usually stop
growing on their own and
do not spread
Cancer animations
More animations
What is the difference
between a carcinoma
and a sarcoma?
Carcinoma is a cancer
of the coverings of the
body like skin cancer,
sarcoma is cancer of
the tissues like bone
and muscle
What is the
difference between
these two
mamograms?
The bottom picture
shows a tumor
Review
What are the purposes
of mitosis?
Growth as seen in the
root tip of a plant
Repair
Asexual reproduction
as seen with the
budding hydra